Biology (Proteins) Flashcards
Proteins are made up of what?
Proteins are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogens atoms.
Some even contain sulphur atoms
What does our body do with excess protein?
It breaks down the excess protein to urea, and then excreted via urination.
Amino acids are the _______ block of proteins/polyceptides.
Building
How are diceptides formed?
It is formed by two amino acids via condensation.
How can diceptides by broken down?
Diceptides can be broken down into amino acids via hydrolysis.
What does the peptide bond do?
It links two amino acids in diceptides/polyceptides.
Hpw are polypeptides formed?
It is formed from further addition of amino acids to a dipeptide.
Polyceptides ____ and ____ in a specific way into a 3-dimensional structure.
Coils
Folds
What does a protein consist of?
one or more polypeptides
Each protein has an unique _______. And why?
Conformation
Allowing different proteins to perform different functions
The amino acids can be classified into?
Non-essential amino acids
Essential amino acids
Non-essential amino acids are produced by our _____.
Body, Still required by our body
Essential amino acids can be obtained from?
Our diet
What are the functions of proteins?
=For growth and repair
=To produce functional proteins with specific functions
-e.g. enzymes: with unique conformation of active site to bind specific substrate for catalysis
-e.g. antibodies: with unique conformation to bind specific antigen on foreign cells (e.g. bacterial cell)
-e.g. receptors, some hormones
=As an energy source
-Amino acids are broken down to release energy under extreme starvation if carbohydrates and lipids are used up
=Deficiency of protein
-A lack of proteins in diet may lead to a deficiency disease called kwashiorkow
