Biology 5.2 Flashcards
What does a balanced diet consist of?
Consists of all the food substances in the right amounts and proportions
How can we stay healthy?
The balanced diet should maintain a balnce between the energy input and energy output.
What is the purpose of the food pyramid?
It is used as a guide to show the relative amount of food needed in the balanced diet
What does eating too many fats and sugars cause?
Obesity, heart disease and liver disease
What does eating too much salt cause harm to?
It causes harm to kidney and increases the risk of heart disease
What are all the factors affecting our dietary requirements?
Age
Sex
Pregnant women
Activities
Explain the dietary requirements of different ages.
*Energy needed
->Children and teenagers require higher amount of energy per unit body mass
(Because higher metabolic rate)
*Calcium and vitamin D
->Children and teenagers need more calcium and vitamin D for active bone growth
*Iron
->Children and teenagers need more iron to produce more red blood cells
*Proteins
->Children and teenagers need high protein intake for growth
->Children and teenagers have less protein demand than men
(Because less protein)
Explain the dietary requirements of different sex.
*Energy needed
->Men have higher energy need
(Because more muscular & have thinner subcutaneous fat & larger body size)
*Iron
->Women need more iron because they have to produce more red blood cells to
replace the blood loss during menstruation
*Proteins
->Men have higher protein demand
(Because more muscular)
Explain the dietary requirements of pregnant women.
*Energy needed
->Pregnant women have higher daily energy need
(Because extra energy to support the development of the foetus)
*Calcium and vitamin D
->Pregnant women need more calcium and vitamin D to support the rapid bone
growth of foetus
*Iron
->Prenant women need more iron for the foetus to produce their red blood cells
*Proteins
->Pregnant women have higher protein demand for the rapid growth of foetus
Explain the dietary requirements of activities.
*Energy needed
->Labourers consume more energy to support their strenuous muscular activities
*Proteins
->Labourers need more protein to support their strenuous muscular activities
What is under-nutrition?
Energy output > Energy input
Stored glycogen, fat and even muscle protein are broken down to release energy
Results in weight loss
What is anorexia nervosa?
It is a condition where patients refuse to eat.
It is developed in some extreme case people.
What is over-nutrition?-
Energy input > Energy output
Body stores excess energy as glycogen/fat
Weight gain
What is obesity?
Condition of being seriously overweight
May lead to
/-> High blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, gall stone formation, stroke and
arthritis
Nutrition labels provide information about the ____ and nutrient contents of the food.
Energy
