Biology Carbohydrates

Question 1

Carbohydrates are organic substances made up of what?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 2

What is the H:O ratio of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

2:1

Question 3

What are the 3 groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

Question 4

What are examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 4

Glucose, Fructose and Galactose

Question 5

What are examples of disaccharides?

Answer 5

Maltose, Sucrose and Lactose

Question 6

What are examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 6

Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose

Question 7

What are glucose, fructose and galactose food sources?

Answer 7

Glucose,Fructose:fruits,honey
Galactose:milk, dairy products

Question 8

What are maltose, sucrose and lactose food sources?

Answer 8

Maltose: germinating barley
Sucrose: sugar cane, sugar beet, table sugar
Lactose: milk, dairy products

Question 9

What are starch and cellulose food sources?

Answer 9

Starch: rice, wheat and potatoes
Cellulose: plant products

Question 10

How are maltose, sucrose and lactose formed?

Answer 10

Maltose: Condensation of 2 glucose molecules
Sucrose: Condensation of 1 glucose and 1 fructose
Lactose: Condensation of 1 glucose and 1 galactose

Question 11

Starch is the storage form of carbs in _______.
Glycogen is the storage form of carbs in _______.
Cellulose is a major _____ of plant cell walls.

Answer 11

plants
animals
components

Question 12

Monosaccharides are the _______ form of carbs.

Answer 12

simplest

Question 13

Disaccharides are formed by condensation of __________.

Answer 13

2 monosaccharide molecules

Question 14

What are the properties of monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Answer 14

Sweet and soluble in water

Question 15

All monosacchrides and disaccharides are _______ sugars.

Answer 15

reducing

Question 16

How are polysaccharides formed?

Answer 16

Formed by condensation of many monosaccharide molecules.

Question 17

What are the properties of polysaccharides?

Answer 17

Do not taste sweet and insoluble in water

Question 18

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 18

As the main energy source
-Glucose is directly broken down in respiration to release energy
As energy reserves
-Glycogen is stored in the liver or muscles when carbs are taken in excess
-Starch is formed after glucose is produced by photosynthesis in plant cells for energy
storage
As a source of dietary fibre
-Cellulose cannot be digested but keeps us healthy