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Biology Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates are organic substances made up of what?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

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2
Q

What is the H:O ratio of carbohydrates?

A

2:1

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3
Q

What are the 3 groups of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

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4
Q

What are examples of monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, Fructose and Galactose

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5
Q

What are examples of disaccharides?

A

Maltose, Sucrose and Lactose

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6
Q

What are examples of polysaccharides?

A

Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose

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7
Q

What are glucose, fructose and galactose food sources?

A

Glucose,Fructose:fruits,honey
Galactose:milk, dairy products

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8
Q

What are maltose, sucrose and lactose food sources?

A

Maltose: germinating barley
Sucrose: sugar cane, sugar beet, table sugar
Lactose: milk, dairy products

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9
Q

What are starch and cellulose food sources?

A

Starch: rice, wheat and potatoes
Cellulose: plant products

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10
Q

How are maltose, sucrose and lactose formed?

A

Maltose: Condensation of 2 glucose molecules
Sucrose: Condensation of 1 glucose and 1 fructose
Lactose: Condensation of 1 glucose and 1 galactose

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11
Q

Starch is the storage form of carbs in _______.
Glycogen is the storage form of carbs in _______.
Cellulose is a major _____ of plant cell walls.

A

plants
animals
components

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12
Q

Monosaccharides are the _______ form of carbs.

A

simplest

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13
Q

Disaccharides are formed by condensation of __________.

A

2 monosaccharide molecules

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14
Q

What are the properties of monosaccharides and disaccharides?

A

Sweet and soluble in water

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15
Q

All monosacchrides and disaccharides are _______ sugars.

A

reducing

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16
Q

How are polysaccharides formed?

A

Formed by condensation of many monosaccharide molecules.

17
Q

What are the properties of polysaccharides?

A

Do not taste sweet and insoluble in water

18
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

As the main energy source
-Glucose is directly broken down in respiration to release energy
As energy reserves
-Glycogen is stored in the liver or muscles when carbs are taken in excess
-Starch is formed after glucose is produced by photosynthesis in plant cells for energy
storage
As a source of dietary fibre
-Cellulose cannot be digested but keeps us healthy

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