Biology (Chapter 1) Flashcards
Biology is the study of ________.
Biology studies the areas of _____, ____ and ____ of organisms, and their interactions with other organisms and the environment.
organism
structures;life cycles;classification
Name 8 branches of biology.
Biochemistry
Zoology
Cytology
Microbiology
Immunology
Physiology
Genetics
Palcontology
State the description of the following branches of biology:
Biochemistry
Zoology
Cytology
Microbiology
Immunology
Physiology
Genetics
Palcontology
Biochemistry: Study of chem processes within and relating to living organism,
including the study of the biomolucules and metabolism in organism
Zoology: Study of animal kingdom, including their structures, evolution and behaviour
Cytology: Study of cells, including their functions,structures and behaviour
Microbiology: Study of microorganism, sucj as bacteria, fungi and protozoa
Immunology: Study of immune system in organism
Physiology: Study of functions and mechanisms in a living system
Genetics: Study if DNA, genes, genetic variation, and heredity
Palcontology: Study of ancient life, including the study of fossils to classify organisms
Name the 7 characteristics of organisms and their descriptions.
Movement: Most animals move freely. Plants show a limited degree of movement.
Respiration: Organisms can break down food to release its stored energy for body
activivties
Sensitivity/Irritability: Organisms can detect changes in their environment and make
responses
Growth: Organisms increase in size and complexity
Reproduction: Oganisms can produce new individuals (off springs)
Excretion: Organisms remove metabolic wastes produced from chemical reactions in
their bodies. This is to maintain a relatively constant internal environment
in an organism
Nutrition: Organisms obtain food for energy, growth and maintaining health
Biology helps us:
Develop ____ of and respect for all organisms and environment
Develop our ability to think and solve problems scientifically
Better understand health,_______ and social issues
Make lifestyle _____ and informed decisions
appreaciation
problems
environmen
choices
State the basic steps of the scientific method.
Making observations->Asking a question->Proposing a hypothesis->Making prediction–>Testing hypothesis->Drawing conclusion ( If hypothesis isnt supported, propose new
one)
What is a hypothesis?
A resonable answer which tries to explain what is observed
Which investigations do not require hypothesis?
If explanation of observations are not needed.
______ Variable: Factor to be investigated and purposely changed in investigation
Dependent Variable: The factor to be ___, may change with ______ variable.
______ Variable: The factor(s) to be kept the smae, otherwise it would affect the
experimental result
Independent
measured; independent
Controlled
What is a control set-up and its purpose?
Identical to the experimental group, except the factor under investigation is absent
Aims to ensure the result of experiment is due to only that factor
What does nature of science refer to?
It refers to what science is and how science works.
Name common aspects of the nature of science.
1 Scientific knowledge is tentative
2 Science is based on evidense
3 Adcancement of scientific knowledge is limited by technology
4 Scientific knowledge is socially and culturally embedded
5 Interpretation of observations is huided by prior knowledge and understanding of
other concepts and theories
6 Creativity, imagination and luck are essential in science
7 Competition and collaboration both exist among different scientists
8 Science advances through reasonable skepticism
Explain why breathing and respiration are not the same.
Respiration breaks down food and releases energy, breathing doesnt release energy.
Respiration happens in cells, breathing happens in only the respiratory system.
Why is decretion not an example of excretion?
It is because faeces are undigested and unabsorbed, it just passes through the body. No metabolic waste is being removed.
Do all organisms have the 7 characteristics of life?
No, mules cannot reproduce.
