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criminal psychology > biological treatment - drug/hormone > Flashcards

biological treatment - drug/hormone Flashcards

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1
Q

what is paraphilia?

A

abnormal sexual drives that tend to involve dangerous activities

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2
Q

what is pedophilia?

A

deviant erotic urge focused on children

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3
Q

what is conduct disorder?

A

serious behavioural and emotional disorder that can occur in children and teens, may display patterns of disruptive and violent behaviour and have problems following rules

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4
Q

what is oppositional disorder (ODD)?

A

condition in which a child displays an ongoing pattern of an angry or irritable mood, defiant or argumentative behaviour, towards people in authority
disrupts normal activities

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5
Q

why might drug treatments be used with offenders?

A

to reduce or increase levels of neurotransmitters or to reduce certain hormones

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6
Q

what behaviour is dopamine involved with?

A

aggression

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7
Q

what part of the brain does dopamine affect?

A

the reward systems

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8
Q

what does aggression activate?

A

activates the release of dopamine and generates rewarding feelings in the brain

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9
Q

why does the individual continue to act aggressivkey because of dopamine?

A

it is a way to make them feel good

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10
Q

how has role of dopamine in aggression been demonstrated in studies?

A

by using amphetamines

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11
Q

what do amphetamines do?

A

increase levels of dopamine

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12
Q

what have studies found about amphetamines?

A

that when people are given them, there is a corresponding increase in aggression

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13
Q

how can aggression be reduced?

A

by using dopamine antagonists

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14
Q

what is a type of drug that reduces the amount of dopamine?

how?

A

risperidone

blocking the dopamine receptors

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15
Q

what is serotonin linked to?

A

maintaining mood control

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16
Q

who can levels of serotonin be increased?

A

by the drug treatment selective serotonin inhibitors (SSIs)

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17
Q

what do SSIs do?

A

type of antidepressant medication that prevent reabsorption of serotonin into the presynaptic neurone, increasing the amount that is available to pass messages between neurones

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18
Q

what is a type of SSRI?

A

fluxetine

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19
Q

what has been found about fluoxetine?

A

reduced aggression among a sample of personality disordered individuals with a history of aggression

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20
Q

what are the side effects of fluoxetine?

A

drowsiness, constipation and nausea

21
Q

there are a key number of treatments aimed at addressing hormone imbalance contributing to what behaviour?

A

aggression

22
Q

which hormone is found in both men and women but a greater extent of men?

A

testosterone

23
Q

why does testosterone have a key role in men?

A

develops reproductive tissue and is required to maintain muscles strength and bone density

24
Q

which hormone is required maintain muscle strength and bone density in males?

A

testosterone

25
Q

who has been documented to have high levels of testosterone?

A

people with a history of aggression which may have lead to criminal behaviour

26
Q

who is hormone treatment normally focused to?

A

sex offenders

27
Q

what is hormone treatment based on?

A

the idea that sexual deviant behaviour comes from biological sources and suppressing sexual drive through drugs would then reduce these feelings

28
Q

what is the goal of hormone treatment?

A

to maintain a normal sexual drives, but to suppress deviant behaviour

29
Q

who might hormone treatment be aimed at?

A

pedophilia or paraphilia

30
Q

which method lead to the creation of hormone treatments?

A

surgical castration

31
Q

what is the reoffending rates for surgical castration?

A

5%

32
Q

linked to surgical castration, what do hormone treatments work to suppress?

A

androgens that have the same effect on sexual behaviour as surgical castration

33
Q

what is MPA?

A

a female hormone that works to decrease the functioning of testosterone

34
Q

what has been investigated to reduce levels of testosterone in males?

A

MPA acetate

35
Q

what does MPA do?

A

breaks down and eliminates testosterone and inhibits the production of luteinising hormone through the pituitary gland, which in turn inhibits production of testosterone

36
Q

what are side effects of MPA acetate?

A

breast enlargement, weigh gain and depression

37
Q

what does MPA acetate reduce?

A

sexual drive and deviant sexual fantasy and possible aggression

38
Q

what does CPA do?

A

reduces sexual drive and deviant fantasies

39
Q

where is CPA used?

A

Canada

40
Q

what are the side effects of CPA?

A

liver dysfunction and adrenal suppression

41
Q

what drug produces liver damage and adrenal suppression

A

CPA

42
Q

what problem do side effects have? (W)

A

may effect the willingness of the individual to take to drugs, side effects may be too severe to warrant the continued use of the drugs

43
Q

what can affect someones willingness to comply to take drugs?(W)

A

the fact that sometimes people have to be on drug treatments for a considerable amount of time before a change can be observed, may not wish to continue if don’t see a change

44
Q

how can demand characteristics be reduced and why is this a strength?(S)

A

studies investigating the effects can use placebos controlled trials in which ppts do not know which group has been allocated to
reduces DC
increases validity and reliability

45
Q

why are there ethical issues which drug treatments?(W)

A

in relation to the rights of the offender
in America there are protests about making people take drugs, including when it is part of their sentence, because t is against the eighth amendment

46
Q

why is it hard to establish cause and effect/effectiveness?(W)

A

as drug treatments not normally used on their own, normally have some form of psychological therapy as well, hard to establish which one is more effective

47
Q

what did hocker and winder find?

A

reported that 32 sex offenders at whatton prisons showed a reduction in reported frequency of sexual thoughts and excitability when taking fluoxetine

48
Q

what did leblanc find?

A

found that when using a trial of risperodone on adolescent boys with conduct and oppositional disorder
there was a 64% reduction in symptoms

criminal psychology (21 decks)

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