Biochemistry Midterm Flashcards
Why do bonds happen?
Atoms want to have a full ______ ______ like the noble gasses have
Valence shell
What is a chemical reaction?
- a chemical reaction is a ___ to the ______:
- Transferring or sharing electrons in order to make _____
Change
Electrons
Bonds
What is a chemical reaction?
- The ____ ______ are the electrons involved in bonding:
- the electrons in the highest occupied ____ ____ of an atom
Valence electrons
Energy level
Types of bonds:We can use the periodic table to predict the type of bond that will occur between two different ______
Elements
Ionic: during a chemical reaction and bond between
During a chemical reaction: electrons transferred
Bond between: (cation-anion)
Covalent: during a chemical reaction and bond between:
During a chemical reaction:
Electrons shared
Bond between: (non-metal-nonmetal)
Metallic: during a chemical reaction and bond between:
During a chemical reaction: free flowing electrons
Bond between: (metal-metal)
What is an ionic bond?
-transferring ______ to make ions
-then,ions are ______ to each other.
Electrons
Bonded
Ionic bond: Opposites
Attract
Ionic bond: Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons. By ____ an electron it becomes: ____ which has a full _____ ______ ______
Losing
Na +
Outer valence shell
Ionic bond:
These two ions are now attracted to each other _______
Electrically
Ionic bond: this attraction creates an ____ ____.
Ionic bond
Periodic trends and ionic bonds:
- the metal wants to get rid of an electron because of its ____ ______ ______
- the nonmetal wants to gain an electron because of its _____ ______.
- sodium chloride is an _____ _____
Low ionization energy
High electronegativity
Ionic compound
Properties of ionic compounds:
- they are _____ with high melting points.
- many are soluble in _____ (the bonds are broken by water molecules.)
- molten compounds conduct ______ well
- properties of _______ often have very ______ properties than the individual elements.
Solids
Water
Electricity
Compounds
Different
What is a covalent bond?
- ______ electrons
- sharing _____ tricks each element into thinking it has a full valence shell
- each atom “donates” what they can to the bond
(Each atom thinks they ____ the electron.)
Sharing
Electrons
Own
How do we model these covalent bonds?
#1 count the number ____ ____ using the periodic table.
#2 draw the electrons as ____ around the element name.
#3 remember to spread electrons on all fours sides of the element before ____ ____ _____ _____.
#4 Match up ____ _____ to create a bond!
1: valence electrons
#2: dots
#3 you add them together
#4 valence electrons
Properties of covalent bonds:- do not conduct _____.
- ___ melting points
- usually not _____ in water.
Electricity
Low
Soluble
What is a metallic bond?
- free flowing _____.
-electrons float around randomly, don’t “_____” to one atom anymore.
- we also call this a “______ ____ ______”
Electrons
Belong
Sea of electrons
Properties of metallic bonds:
- ___ at room temperature.
- conduct _____.
-malleable and ductile.
- have a wide range of ____ _____.
Solid
Electricity
Melting points
How are medications prescribed to children?
Based on the childs weight
What are two careers that use math and science on a daily basis
Pediatricians and pediatric nurses
Pharmacist and nurse
What does the prescription label mean when it says mg/kg?
The amount of mg/kg, which means the amount of mg of drug that a patient should take based on their weight in kilograms (kg)
Conversion factor is a ____ that allows us to move between two different units.
Ratio
This ratio can also be shown as a _____.
Fraction
Steps for dimensional analysis:
- List out the conversion factors
- Outline the steps
- Set up the equation
- Multiply fractions together following algebra rules.
- Divide your final fraction
* Track ur units
