Bio - 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 Flashcards
1
Q
xylem - transport structure
A
- leaf = outside
- stem & root = inside
2
Q
xylem
A
- made of many dead cells
- has thick walls stiffened with lignin (support)
- hollow lumen
- one way flow
- transports water & minerals
3
Q
phloem
A
- made of living cells
- no lignin
- has end walls with sieve plates
- two way flow
- transports surcose & a.a
4
Q
transpiration
A
- process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to the stomata (where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere)
- basically EVAPORATION of water from plant leaves
5
Q
5 factors that affect transpiration
A
- wind speed
- INCREASES = INCREASES transpiration rate - humidity
- INCREASES = DECREASES transpiration rate - light intensity
- INCREASES = INCREASES transpiration rate - temperature
- INCREASES = INCREASES transpiration rate - water supply
- DECREASES = DECREASES transpiration rate
6
Q
transpiration process / stream
A
parts : root => stem => leaf
process : water goes up => evaporates from leaves => pulls more water up
*high to low con
7
Q
capillary action
A
- how water moves UP through narrow tubes (like xylem) without needing a plant
8
Q
cohesion - capillary action
A
- water molecules stick to each other
- water chain
- after water is evaporated it needs to be replaced
9
Q
adhesion - capillary action
A
- sticks to walls
- prevents from falling back down
10
Q
basic process of transpiration
A
roots (osmosis into root hairs) => xylem (cohesion & adhesion) => leaf (evaporation from stomata)
11
Q
how have plants adapted
A
- root hair cells = high SA
- hollow xylem = easy pathway for water flow
- many air spaces = increases rate of evaporation
- stomata = opens to allow transpiration
12
Q
measuring tool for transpiration ?
A
potometer
