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bio Flashcards

1
Q

the basic unit of life

A

cell

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2
Q

coined the term “cell” for the box-like structure he observed when viewing cork tissue

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

discovered bacteria and protozoa he termed “animalcules”

A

Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

they both studies tissues and proposed that plants and animals are made up of cells

A

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

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5
Q

stated “omnis cellula e cellula”

A

Rudolf Virchow

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6
Q

three postulates of cell

A

1.cell is the basic unit of life
2.both plants and animals are made up of cells
3.a cell comes from pre-existing cells

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7
Q

a cell that functions in transport of oxygen in the different parts of the body

A

Red Blood Cells

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8
Q

this causes dysentery or diarrhea found in vegetations in streams and ponds

A

amoeba proteus

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9
Q

controls the activity and processes of the organelles

A

nucleus

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10
Q

found within the nucleus that contains DNA and RNA

A

Nucleolus

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11
Q

is the starting material in production of proteins for metabolism

A

RNA

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12
Q

has presence of ribosomes attached to it that provides surface for synthesis of proteins

A

Rough ER

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13
Q

does not have ribosomes attached to it, it provides surface for the synthesis of lipids

A

Smooth ER

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14
Q

responsible for packaging and checking of proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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15
Q

serves as the waste organelle that digests ad eliminates defective proteins

A

Lysosome

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16
Q

transport proteins to the different parts of the cell or in the neighboring cells

A

Vesicles

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17
Q

produces ATP (the energy needed for the processes in the cell)

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

contains chlorophyll that is responsible in production of glucose or sugar

A

Chloroplast

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19
Q

keeps organelles in place

A

cytoplasm

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20
Q

is the boundary of the cell, it controls cell to cell communication, permeability of materials and made up of proteins, glycoproteins and phospholipid bilayer

A

cell membrane

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21
Q

cell type of plants and animals

A

eukaryotic cell

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22
Q

this type of cell has membrane-bound organelles

A

eukaryotic cell

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23
Q

cell type of bacteria

A

prokaryotic cell

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24
Q

a type of cell that has no membrane-bound organelles

A

prokaryotic cell

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25
Q

is a substance that can cause an infection

A

pathogen

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26
Q

pathogen that causes strep throat

A

streptococcus(bacteria)

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27
Q

pathogen that causes common cold

A

rhinovirus(virus)

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28
Q

pathogen that causes malaria

A

plasmodium(protozoan)

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29
Q

pathogen that causes tapeworm

A

cestoda(animal)

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30
Q

this type of cell contains circular chromosome called a plasmid

A

prokaryotic cell

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31
Q

a package of DNA

A

chromosome

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32
Q

how does prokaryotic cells help

A

digesting of food
prevent in stomach ulcers

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33
Q

stores water within a plant cell

A

central vacuole

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34
Q

closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants) only

A

chloroplast

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35
Q

the site of protein synthesis, transports materials within the cell

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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36
Q

transports materials outside of the cell

A

vesicle

37
Q

the region inside of the cell except for the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

38
Q

organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell

A

nucleus

39
Q

contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color

A

chloroplast

40
Q

digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, invading viruses or bacteria

A

lysosomes

41
Q

firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants and bacteria

A

cell wall

42
Q

produces a usable form of energy for the cell

A

mitochondria

43
Q

packages proteins within the cell and makes lipids

A

golgi apparatus

44
Q

gives the cell structure and holds organelles in place

A

cytoskeleton

45
Q

site where ribosomes are made

A

nucleolus

46
Q

the membrane surrounding the cell

A

plasma membrane

47
Q

name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell

A

chromatin

48
Q

consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell

A

microtubules

49
Q

small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things

A

cillia

50
Q

longer whip-like structures used for movement

A

flagella

51
Q

Cells vary widely with respect to:

A

shape
size
number of organelles
types of organelles

52
Q

These specialized cells make up about 40–45% of the total volume of blood
they have the important job of carrying oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body

A

red blood cells

53
Q

the specialized cells that have the important job of absorbing the water when it passes through the stomach to the intestines

A

intestinal lining cells

54
Q

thousands of tiny finger-like projections that help in absorbing water in the intestinal lining cells by increasing the surface area so the cell can absorb water more quickly.

A

microvilli

55
Q

these specialized cells store the energy from food for future use
They are found under the skin and surrounding internal organs.
they contain droplets of fat in the cytosol

A

fat cells

56
Q

this specialized cell protects the surface of the body and cover the organs and body cavities within

A

epithelial cells

57
Q

this specialized cell makes up the bones which support and protect the body

A

bone cells

58
Q

four components shared among all cells:

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
DNA
ribosome

59
Q

a lipid molecule with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate-containing group

A

phospholipid

60
Q

part of the plasma membrane which is a protein with carbohydrate attached

A

glycoprotein

61
Q

part of the plasma membrane which is a lipid with carbohydrate attached

A

glycolipid

62
Q

the region in the prokaryotic cell that prokaryotic DNA is found

A

nucleoid

63
Q

used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called conjugation in prokaryotic cell

A

pili

64
Q

these are used by bacteria to attach to a host cell

A

fimbriae

65
Q

is a double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus

A

nuclear envelope

66
Q

is the semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus where chromatin and nucleolus can be found

A

nucleoplasm

67
Q

an unwound protein DNA complexes, a material that makes up the chromosome both when condensed and decondensed

A

chromatin

68
Q

the two subunits of ribosome

A

large subunit
small subunit

69
Q

cell’s main energy carrying molecule

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

70
Q

small, round organelles enclosed by single membranes that carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids

A

peroxisomes

71
Q

specialized peroxisomes in plants that are responsible for converting stored fats into sugars

A

glyoxysomes

72
Q

is a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

A

endomembrane system

73
Q

an organelle within the nucleus that is organized around regions of some chromosomes containing DNA that encodes ribosomal DNA.

A

nucleolus

74
Q

organelle that synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones

A

smooth ER

75
Q

a specialized smooth ER in the muscle cell that is responsible for storage of the calcium ions for coordinate contractions of the muscle cell

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

76
Q

receiving side of the golgi apparatus

A

cis face

77
Q

opposite side of the receiving side of the golgi apparatus

A

trans face

78
Q

three types of fibers within the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

79
Q

the narrowest type of protein fiber in the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments

80
Q

this filament is purely for structural in cell, they bear tension, thus maintaining the shape of the cell and anchor the nucleus and organelles in place

A

intermediate filaments

81
Q

are small hollow tubes that help the cell resist compression, track for vesicles to move, pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell and are also the structural elements of flagella, cilia, and centrioles

A

microtubules

82
Q

an organelle where all microtubules originate, a microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells

A

centrosome

83
Q

chief component of prokaryotic cell wall

A

peptidoglycan

84
Q

the major organic molecule in the plant cell wall

A

cellulose

85
Q

a set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs within the space enclosed by a chloroplasts inner membrane

A

thylakoids

86
Q

this is called as the stack of thylakoids

A

granum

87
Q

the fluid enclosed by the inner membrane that surrounds the grana

A

stroma

88
Q

the green pigment that captures the light energy that drives the photosynthesis

A

chlorophyll

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