4q bio cell transport Flashcards

1
Q

main fabric of the membrane

A

phospholipid

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2
Q

maintains the integrity and fluidity of the plasma membrane

A

cholesterol

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3
Q

helps in transport of substance through membrane
1. receptor function
2. cell adhesion
3. structural support

A

integral proteins

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4
Q

helps in cell recognition found on the surface of the plasma membrane

A

peripheral proteins

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5
Q

helps in cell recognition and interaction with the aqueous environment

A

carbohydrates

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6
Q

the first widely accepted model of the plasma membrane’s structure

A

Hugh Davson and James Danielli in 1935

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7
Q

proposed the newer and better explanation of the double layer membrane structure with the help of TEM called the fluid mosaic model

A

Seymour J. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson in 1972

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8
Q

principal components of a plasma membrane

A

lipids(phospholipids and cholesterol)
proteins
carbohydrates

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9
Q

the proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the plasma membrane

A

50% protein
40% lipids
10% carbohydrates

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10
Q

are carbohydrates attached to proteins

A

glycoproteins

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11
Q

are carbohydrates attached to lipids

A

glycolipids

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12
Q

a molecule consisting of three-carbon glycerol backbone with two fatty acids molecules attached to carbons 1 and 2 and a phosphate-containing group attached to the third carbon

A

phospholipids

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13
Q

a molecule with an arrangement of a positively or negatively charged area and an uncharged or non-polar area

A

amphipathic (dual-loving)

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14
Q

this phospholipid molecule known as “water-loving” are in contact with the aqueous fluid both inside and outside of the cell

A

hydrophilic area/molecule

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15
Q

“water-hating” molecules that tend to be nonpolar and prefer nonpolar environments

A

hydrophobic molecules

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16
Q

the collective term for carbohydrates on the exterior of the cell (glycoprotein glycolipids)

A

glycocalyx(sugar coating)

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17
Q

proteins integrated completely into the membrane structure

A

integral proteins

18
Q

proteins found on the exterior and interior surfaces of membranes, attached either to integral proteins or to phospholipids

A

peripheral proteins

19
Q

this type of transport is a naturally occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to exert any energy, the substance move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Passive Transport

20
Q

a physical space in which there is a range of concentrations of a single substance

A

concentration gradient

21
Q

3 Types of Passive Transport

A

Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis

22
Q

the lack of concentration gradient in which there is no net movement of a substance

A

dynamic equilibrium

23
Q

factors that affect the rate of diffusion

A

extent of the concentration gradient
mass of the molecules diffusing
temperature
solvent density
solubility
surface area and thickness of the plasma membrane
distance traveled

24
Q

this kind of passive transport are when materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane protein

A

facilitated diffusion/transport

25
are channel proteins that allow water to pass through the membrane at a very high rate
aquaporins
26
is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane
osmosis
27
describes the total solute concentration of the solution
osmolarity
28
type of solution where the osmolarity in the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell
hypotonic solution
29
type of solution where the extracellular fluid having a higher osmolarity than the cell's cytoplasm
hypertonic solution
30
type of solution where the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell
isotonic solution
31
a mechanism that helps to control the effects of osmosis
osmoregulation
32
the pressure that stiffens the cell walls of the plant
turgor pressure
33
the process where the cell membrane detaches from the wall and constricts the cytoplasm resulting to plants losing turgor pressure and wilt
plasmolysis
34
type of transport mechanism require the use of the cell's energy in the form of ATP moving against the concentration gradient
Active Transport
35
three types of carrier proteins or transporters
uniporter symporter antiporter
36
carrier protein that carries one specific ion or molecule
uniporter
37
carrier protein that carries two different ions or molecules both in the same direction
symporter
38
carrier proteins that carries two different ions or molecules but in different direction
antiporter
39
is a type of active transport that moves particles into a cell
endocytosis
40
is the process by which large particle are taken in by a cell
phagocytosis
41
a variation of endocytosis that means "cell drinking" a process that takes in molecules including water from the extracellular fluid
pinocytosis
42
type of active/bulk transport where its purpose is to expel material from the cell into the extracellular fluid
exocytosis