4q bio cell transport

Question 1

main fabric of the membrane

Answer 1

phospholipid

Question 2

maintains the integrity and fluidity of the plasma membrane

Answer 2

cholesterol

Question 3

helps in transport of substance through membrane
1. receptor function
2. cell adhesion
3. structural support

Answer 3

integral proteins

Question 4

helps in cell recognition found on the surface of the plasma membrane

Answer 4

peripheral proteins

Question 5

helps in cell recognition and interaction with the aqueous environment

Answer 5

carbohydrates

Question 6

the first widely accepted model of the plasma membrane’s structure

Answer 6

Hugh Davson and James Danielli in 1935

Question 7

proposed the newer and better explanation of the double layer membrane structure with the help of TEM called the fluid mosaic model

Answer 7

Seymour J. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson in 1972

Question 8

principal components of a plasma membrane

Answer 8

lipids(phospholipids and cholesterol)
proteins
carbohydrates

Question 9

the proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the plasma membrane

Answer 9

50% protein
40% lipids
10% carbohydrates

Question 10

are carbohydrates attached to proteins

Answer 10

glycoproteins

Question 11

are carbohydrates attached to lipids

Answer 11

glycolipids

Question 12

a molecule consisting of three-carbon glycerol backbone with two fatty acids molecules attached to carbons 1 and 2 and a phosphate-containing group attached to the third carbon

Answer 12

phospholipids

Question 13

a molecule with an arrangement of a positively or negatively charged area and an uncharged or non-polar area

Answer 13

amphipathic (dual-loving)

Question 14

this phospholipid molecule known as “water-loving” are in contact with the aqueous fluid both inside and outside of the cell

Answer 14

hydrophilic area/molecule

Question 15

“water-hating” molecules that tend to be nonpolar and prefer nonpolar environments

Answer 15

hydrophobic molecules

Question 16

the collective term for carbohydrates on the exterior of the cell (glycoprotein glycolipids)

Answer 16

glycocalyx(sugar coating)

Question 17

proteins integrated completely into the membrane structure

Answer 17

integral proteins

Question 18

proteins found on the exterior and interior surfaces of membranes, attached either to integral proteins or to phospholipids

Answer 18

peripheral proteins

Question 19

this type of transport is a naturally occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to exert any energy, the substance move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 19

Passive Transport

Question 20

a physical space in which there is a range of concentrations of a single substance

Answer 20

concentration gradient

Question 21

3 Types of Passive Transport

Answer 21

Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis

Question 22

the lack of concentration gradient in which there is no net movement of a substance

Answer 22

dynamic equilibrium

Question 23

factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 23

extent of the concentration gradient
mass of the molecules diffusing
temperature
solvent density
solubility
surface area and thickness of the plasma membrane
distance traveled

Question 24

this kind of passive transport are when materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane protein

Answer 24

facilitated diffusion/transport

Question 25

are channel proteins that allow water to pass through the membrane at a very high rate

Answer 25

aquaporins

Question 26

is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane

Answer 26

osmosis

Question 27

describes the total solute concentration of the solution

Answer 27

osmolarity

Question 28

type of solution where the osmolarity in the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell

Answer 28

hypotonic solution

Question 29

type of solution where the extracellular fluid having a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm

Answer 29

hypertonic solution

Question 30

type of solution where the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell

Answer 30

isotonic solution

Question 31

a mechanism that helps to control the effects of osmosis

Answer 31

osmoregulation

Question 32

the pressure that stiffens the cell walls of the plant

Answer 32

turgor pressure

Question 33

the process where the cell membrane detaches from the wall and constricts the cytoplasm resulting to plants losing turgor pressure and wilt

Answer 33

plasmolysis

Question 34

type of transport mechanism require the use of the cell’s energy in the form of ATP moving against the concentration gradient

Answer 34

Active Transport

Question 35

three types of carrier proteins or transporters

Answer 35

uniporter
symporter
antiporter

Question 36

carrier protein that carries one specific ion or molecule

Answer 36

uniporter

Question 37

carrier protein that carries two different ions or molecules both in the same direction

Answer 37

symporter

Question 38

carrier proteins that carries two different ions or molecules but in different direction

Answer 38

antiporter

Question 39

is a type of active transport that moves particles into a cell

Answer 39

endocytosis

Question 40

is the process by which large particle are taken in by a cell

Answer 40

phagocytosis

Question 41

a variation of endocytosis that means “cell drinking” a process that takes in molecules including water from the extracellular fluid

Answer 41

pinocytosis

Question 42

type of active/bulk transport where its purpose is to expel material from the cell into the extracellular fluid

Answer 42

exocytosis