Benign Uterus, Cervix, Ovary, and Fallopian Tubes Flashcards
What is the cause of congenital anomalies of the uterus
Failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse
What is the cause of congenital anomalies of the cervix
Malfusion of the paramesonephric ducts
What is the most common neoplasm of the uterus
Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroid)
Sx’s = spherical, well-circumscribed, firm lesions with whorled appearance on cut section
Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroid)
What is the most common indication for a hysterectomy
Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroid)
What is the first line Tx for Uterine leiomyomas
OCP’s or the ring
Sx’s = menorrhagia, spontaneous/postmenopausal bleeding with thickened endometrial stripe on US
Endometrial polyp
How do Nabothian cervical cysts form
Squamous metaplasia traps columnar cells beneath them while the columnar cells continue to secrete mucus
Sx’s = opaque with yellow/bluish hue
Nabothian cervical cyst
Sx’s = beefy red polyp on cervix that is the most common type and may cause coital bleeding/menorrhagia
Endocervical
Sx’s = pale polyp on cervix that may cause coital bleeding/menorrhagia
Ectocervical
What are the classifications of endometrial hyperplasia and what is their risk of becoming cancerous
Simple w/out atypia = 1%
Complex w/out atypia = 3%
Simple w/ atypia = 9%
Complex w/ atypia = 27%
What are the Sx’s of endometrial hyperplasia
Intermenstrual, heavy/prolonged unexplained bleeding
What is the Tx for the different types of endometrial hyperplasia
W/out atypia = Progestin
W/ atypia = hysterectomy
Def = cyst lined by granulosa cells and d/t failure of ovarian follicle to rupture
Follicular
Def = cyst that develops in CL d/t failure of the CL to regress after 14 days
Lutein
Def = cyst caused by hemorrhage into the CL
Hemorrhagic
Def = enlarged ovaries with multiple simple follicle cysts
PCOS
Def = cysts that develop in pts with high serum hCG and are commonly b/l
Theca-Lutein
How do Theca-Lutein cysts typically disappear
Regress after removal of gonadotropin
Def = cyst caused by hyperplastic rxn of ovarian theca cells d/t prolonged hCG
Luteoma of Pregnancy
How does a Luteoma of Pregnancy disappear
Regress postpartum
What is the main Tx for asymptomatic and premenopausal pts with functional cysts
OCP’s
What are the 3 types of Epithelial ovarian neoplasms
Serous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenoma
Brenner tumor
What is seen on histology of Serous cystadenomas
Psammoma bodies
What are mucinous cystadenomas associated with
Mucocele of the appendix
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
What type of cells make up Brenner tumors
Transitional epithelium
What are the 3 types of Sex-Cord stromal ovarian tumors
Granulosa-Theca cell
Sertoli-Leydig cell
Fibroma
What are the Sx’s of Granulosa-Theca cell ovarian tumors
Secrete E:
Precocious menarche
Postmenopausal bleeding
Endometrial hyperplasia
What are the Sx’s of Sertoli-Leydig cell ovarian tumors
Produce androgens:
Virilization
Clitoromegaly
What are Fibroma ovarian tumors associated with
Meigs syndrome:
Ascites
Hydrothorax
Ovarian fibroma
What is the most common type of solid ovarian tumor
Fibroma
What is the Tx for Sex-Cord stromal ovarian tumors
U/l salpingo-oophorectomy
What is the most common type of Germ cell ovarian tumor which is also the most common benign ovarian neoplasm in all premenopausal women
Benign cystic teratoma (Dermoid cyst)
What is the median age of onset of dermoid cysts
30 yo
What is Rokintansky’s Protuberance
Junction between teratoma and normal ovarian tissue where cancers are found
What is the Tx of Germ cell ovarian tumors
Ovarian cystectomy
Def = ovary and fallopian tube twist
Adnexal torsion
Def = only the fallopian tube twists
Isolated torsion
What is the Tx for an ovarian torsion
Ovarian cystectomy
When would you use a salpingo-oophorectomy to Tx an ovarian torsion
When the ovary is necrotic
Def = fluid filled tubes from previous infection
Hydrosalpinx
Def = purulent filled tubes from active infection
Pyosalpinx
