BEHP 5015 Flashcards
1
Q
Amount of a reinforcer provided
A
Reinforcer magnitude
2
Q
Procedures to teach alternative responses and other skills
A
Teaching strategies/protocols
3
Q
The last name of discriminative stimuli is:
A
the consequence which leads to the development of that discriminative stimuli
4
Q
Can we neglect context?
A
no, behavior changes in relation to context
5
Q
Create a stimulus hierarchy and gradually introduce stimuli from least to most likely to evoke/elicit
A
Graduated exposure/desensitization
6
Q
List 3 considerations when using antecedent interventions:
- Only use as a _____ _____ _____
- Combine with _____ _____
- Include _______ or _____ if needed
A
- treatment plan component
- reinforcement procedures
- extinction or punishment
7
Q
Mechanism of antecedent intervention which breaks/weakens the contingent relation between problem behavior and a reinforcer
A
Contingency-breaking effects
8
Q
Model for treating problem behavior based on the function of the behavior
A
function-based treatment model
9
Q
Name 2 types of time-based schedules
A
Fixed time and Variable time
10
Q
Name a problem with using the everyday definition of the term “function”
A
Practitioners may use teleological explanations
11
Q
A medication’s direct (but not intended) effect on behavior is known as a _____ _______
A
side effect
12
Q
Are the functions of behavior only attention, tangibles, escape, and automatic reinforcement?
A
no, typical statements about function are oversimplifications
13
Q
List 3 negative punishment procedures:
A
- time out
- response cost
- fines/penalties
14
Q
R1 = SR R2 = EXT
A
Differentiation
15
Q
A weakness of the topography-based DRI procedure
A
taught non-functional incompatible behaviors
16
Q
List 2 consequent modifications to clarify FA results:
A
Type of attention delivered
Which behaviors receive consequences
17
Q
Everyday usage of the term “function”
A
What an organism does and “why”
18
Q
NCR schedule thinning procedure
A
Increase the passage of time required before delivering reinforcer
19
Q
List 5 common ethical concerns about punishment:
- data collection (____-_____ _______)
- appropriate ________ for the _______
- _______ of procedures
- ________ environment
- _______ and approval
A
- data collection (long-term effects)
- appropriate procedure for the function
- legality of procedures
- supportive environment
- review and approval
20
Q
Withholding escape from an aversive stimulus contingent on problem behavior is an ________ procedure for behavior maintained by _______ _______ _______
A
extinction, social negative reinforcement
21
Q
A scientific usage of the term “function”
A
A mathematical relation between stimulus classes and response classes
22
Q
Includes who, what, and where to train, length of training, and type of competency check
A
Training section of the BIP
23
Q
Reinforcement delivered if a minimum amount of time has passed since the last response
A
DRL-T
24
Q
List 3 considerations when selecting a functional communication topography:
A
- audience
- response effort
- behavioral repertoire
25
List 3 treatments for behavior maintained by social negative reinforcement:
- extinction
- differential reinforcement
- antecedent-based interventions
26
Terms defined by effects on behavior, other stimuli, and role in functional relations
functional terms
27
List 6 common DRI mistakes:
- selecting the wrong _______ ______
- failing to select a ______ _____
- using the wrong ______ ______
- failing to use ______ for problem behavior
- reinforcing a _____ of _____ ______
- failing to also reinforce ______ ______
- selecting the wrong incompatible behavior
- failing to select a competing reinforcer
- using the wrong reinforcement schedule
- failing to use extinction for problem behavior
- reinforcing a chain of problem behavior
- failing to also reinforce alternative behavior
28
Engaging client non-contingently in a systematic exercise program
Antecedent exercise
29
FCT - Stage 2
Train and differentially reinforce a communicative response
30
Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by escape
Continue the demand following the behavior until task is completed
31
For every behavior targeted for reduction, appropriate behavior is targeted for increase.
"Fair pair"
32
A procedure requiring the individual to restore the environment to its original state
Simple restitution
33
List 3 design modifications to clarify FA results:
Pairwise
Session duration
Extended alone
34
FA modification considerations for individuals with ASD:
- social escape
- sensory escape
- access to rituals/repetitive behavior, stereotypy
35
Another name for a "one-size-fits-all" approach
cookbook approach
36
Interventions which restrict an individual's rights in some way
Restrictive procedures
37
List 4 characteristics of behavior analysis (vs behavior mod)
- individualized
- function based
- analysts
- basic principles at the core
38
Solution to inadequately trained staff for FA
Train others to conduct FA
39
Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by sensory effects (automatic)
Mask the sensory consequences of the response
40
List 4 possible unwanted effects of extinction
Extinction burst
Extinction-induced aggression
Behavioral contrast
Spontaneous recovery
41
List 4 characteristics of problem behavior:
- minimizes achieving _____ _____
- minimizes access to _______
- maximizes contact with ________
- may result in ______ ______ to community
- minimizes achieving meaningful outcomes
- minimizes access to reinforcers
- maximizes contact with punishers
- may result in restricted access to community
42
___ ______ are demonstrated when problem behavior is high in a condition when certain MOs are in effect
MO effects
43
Name 5 parameters of problem behavior:
- rate (too high)
- IRT (too short)
- duration (too long)
- severity/intensity (too high)
- wrong place, situation or time
44
Reinforcement delivered if target behavior is at or below the maximum responses in a given time period
DRL
45
Data sheets attached to the BIP help caregivers _____ _________ _______, definitions, program _______, etc
recall target behaviors, definitions, program components
46
Gradually reducing some preferred feature of restraints through fading
Transfer of appetitive features of restraints
47
Procedure in which an appropriate form of communication is taught to replace problem behavior
Functional Communication Training (FCT)
48
Establishing a routine or schedule to inform the individual of what's next
Increasing predictability
49
A product of the response itself reinforces the response
automatic reinforcement
50
List 3 recommendations for using indirect assessments:
- use as part of _____ ______
- include _____ ______ questions
- use multiple _______
- direct observation
- open-ended
- informants
51
Punishment should be delivered at a ______ intensity
high
52
S1 - R1 = SR
| S2 - R1 = EXT
Discrimination
53
Methodology for arranging environmental variables to compare levels of behavior in test and control conditions
Functional analysis
54
Two or more simultaneous, but independent, schedules for different responses
Concurrent schedules
55
Procedures to decrease problem behavior over time
Consequence-based interventions
56
List 9 common DRO mistakes:
- using DRO for a ____ ____ behavior
- setting the DRO interval _____ _____ ____
- failing to _____ _____ if problem behavior occurs
- inconsistent and extra ______ for problem behavior
- accidentally _______ other problem behavior
- reinforcing "_____ _____" behavior
- failing to select a ______ ______
- using the same reinforcer to ______
- failing to use ______ for problem behavior
- using DRO for a low rate behavior
- setting the DRO interval above average IRT
- failing to reset timer if problem behavior occurs
- inconsistent and extra criteria for problem behavior
- accidentally reinforcing other problem behavior
- reinforcing "dead person's" behavior
- failing to select a competing reinforcer
- using the same reinforcer to satiation
- failing to use extinction for problem behavior
57
Providing escape contingent on the absence of problem behavior for a period of time
DNRO
58
List 4 sub-types of non-exclusionary time-out:
- planned ignoring
- time-out ribbon
- contingent observation
- withdrawal of a specific reinforcer
59
Antecedent interventions used to manipulate part of the contingency maintaining target behavior
Function-based interventions
60
A brief electrical stimulus delivered following problem behavior
Contingent electrical stimulation
61
Model for treating problem behavior based on the form of the behavior
topography-based treatment model
62
Name 2 types of structural terms
Setting events
| Ecological variables
63
List 3 strategies to mitigate unwanted effects of extinction
Inform caregivers of the possibility of unwanted effects
Provide caregivers with procedures for unwanted effects
Withhold reinforcer if spontaneous recovery occurs
64
Basic information to list in the BIP
Client name, date of birth, date of plan, name/credential of plan author, current status of plan
65
Name 2 questions to ask about high-risk behavior before conducting an FA:
Do benefits outweigh the risks?
| Are there protective measures to manage risk?
66
When a previously reinforced behavior no longer produces reinforcement
Operant extinction
67
List 5 tenets that distinguish behavior analysis from psychology:
- behavior as the basic ______ for the field rather than the psyche, self, etc
- continuity between ______ ______ and _____ ______
- prediction and control of the behavior of ______ rather than _____
- ______ ______ of behavior
- the study of behavior as a _____ _____
- datum
- public behavior / private events
- individuals / groups
- environmental explanations
- natural science
68
Placing demands in a context with Sds for reinforcement
Embedding demands
69
Reinforcement delivered for a response that competes with the target behavior
DRA
70
Behavior taught to displace problem behavior and help an individual meet a functional need
Replacement behavior
71
Increased responding in settings uncorrelated with extinction
Behavioral contrast
72
Loss of a specific amount of a positive reinforcer following problem behavior
response cost
73
List 2 solutions to common antecedent intervention mistakes:
- use functional rather than structural terms
| - tie procedures to specific principles of behavior
74
Manipulation of a stimulus produces a reliable and predictable change in a response
Functional relation
75
Delivering demands when the individual is not engaged in a preferred activity
Altering timing of demands
76
Antecedent interventions used irrespective of the maintaining contingency
Generic (default) interventions
77
Approach used by behavior modifiers
topography-based behavior reduction
78
Section of BIP that describes the broad goal of services and why the individual needs them
Rationale
79
Name 2 FA best practices prior to analysis:
- rule out biological/medical events
| - limit pre-session access to reinforcers
80
Providing frequent breaks on a time-contingent schedule
Time-contingent escape
81
Person-specific relations between environment and behavior
Person variables
82
Assessment of behavior that is removed in time and place from actual occurrence of behavior
Indirect assessment
83
List 4 categories of idiosyncratic variables:
Antecedents
Consequences
MO effects
Person variables
84
The data collection section in the step-by-step BIP ...
gives precise instructions on data collection procedures
85
Name an antecedent intervention for problem behavior maintained by access to tangibles or activities
Time-contingent access to tangibles/activities
86
Amount of effort to complete a response
Response effort
87
Violent acts directed at the previous source of reinforcement
Extinction-induced aggression
88
What part of the BIP numerically qualifies behavior for tracking and evaluation over time?
Response measures
89
Noncontingent delivery of items found to compete with response products
Competing stimuli
90
List 4 ways to alter demands:
- Alter timing
- Embed demands
- Provide assistance
- Increase predictability
91
A punishment procedure requiring the individual to exert effort following problem behavior
Overcorrection
92
Random re-occurrence of previously reinforced behavior
Spontaneous recovery
93
List 5 necessary features of a BIP:
- indicate client and caregiver ______ ______
- based on _______ _______
- _______ _______
- fits with _____, ______ and _____
- includes _________ and _____ ______ procedures
- indicate client and caregiver behavior changes
- based on functional assessment
- conceptually systematic
- fits with values, resources and skills
- includes reinforcement and least intrusive procedures
94
List 3 characteristics of topography-based treatment procedures:
- delivered aversive and restrictive punishers
- used artificial and arbitrary reinforcers
- used thinned reinforcement schedules
95
Name 2 categories of antecedent interventions
Generic (default) and function-based
96
List 4 common mistakes when using antecedent interventions:
- Use of _____ ______
- Use of ___________ __________ terms
- Failure to identify _____ _____
- Failure to use ______ _____
- structural terms
- non-conceptually systematic
- underlying mechanisms
- generalizable effects
97
List 4 characteristics of functional relations
- probabilistic
- nonlinear
- complex
- allows for predictions
98
Indicates consent and authorization for implementing the plan
Signatures and consents
99
Withholding a specific reinforcer following problem behavior. Extinction process or procedure?
Procedure
100
The data collection section in the formal BIP...
outlines data processes by identifying how and to whom the data will be reported
101
List 3 DRA schedule thinning procedures:
- increase time between ______ and ______
- increase _______ of _______ required for reinforcer access
- dense to lean ______ _______ schedule
- increase time between response and reinforcer
- increase number of responses required for vreinforcer access
- dense to lean fixed interval schedule
102
List 4 characteristics of behavior modification/management (vs behavior analysis)
- cookbook approach
- topography based
- technologists
- procedures at the core
103
Precursors ______ the onset of the target behavior for reduction
predict
104
PREE
Partial reinforcement extinction effect
105
Manipulation of environmental events prior to the occurrence of problem behavior
Antecedent interventions
106
List 3 factors to consider when using extinction
Length of reinforcement history
Baseline schedule of reinforcement
Baseline parameters of reinforcement
107
Reinforcement delivered at the end of each interval if the target behavior meets criterion
Interval DRL
108
Important medical issues that may/may not be related to issues in the BIP should be included in the ...
diagnostic and medical section
109
Name 3 FA variations for high-risk behavior
Protective procedures (equipment, blocking)
Precursor FA
Latency FA
110
Name 5 FA best practices during analysis:
- use ______ sequences
- use ______ ____ for each condition
- wait for problem behavior to end before next condition
- no or low-preference toys in ______ and _____ conditions
- use ______ items
- fixed
- different Sds
- attention and alone
- intrinsic
111
List 4 types of functional assessments:
- Indirect assessment
- Descriptive assessment
- Structured descriptive assessment
- Functional analysis
112
No clear difference between test and control conditions
Undifferentiated FA
113
List 4 common DRA mistakes:
- selecting the wrong _______ ______
- failing to select a _____ ______
- using the wrong _______ ______
- reinforcing a ______ of ______ ______
- selecting the wrong alternative behavior
- failing to select a competing reinforcer
- using the wrong reinforcement schedule
- reinforcing a chain of problem behavior
114
List 4 limitations of functional analysis:
- may not include ______ ____ ______
- may not identify _________ ________ occasioning problem behavior
- potential for ______ effects
- complex, time and _____ intensive
- relevant test conditions
- situational features
- iatrogenic
- labor
115
Distribution of behavior on concurrent schedules of reinforcement to predict response allocation
Matching law
116
A punishment procedure requiring the individual to perform a response topographically different than the problem behavior
Contingent exercise
117
Consequence idiosyncratic variables are unrelated to ...
typically tested behavioral functions
118
Name 2 relaxation exercises
Progressive relaxation and behavioral relaxation
119
FA variation which only allows a behavior to occur once per session
Latency FA
120
List three general types of DRO schedules
Interval DRO
Momentary DRO
Progressive DRO
121
A weakness of the topography-based DRA procedure
alternative behavior benefited caregivers and not client
122
Reinforcement delivered if the target behavior progressively meets a changing criterion
DRD (diminishing rates)
123
The belief that all events are orderly, lawful, and predictable
Determinism
124
List 3 considerations to evaluate before writing a BIP:
- staff / ________ issues
- _______ / _______ support
- availability of _____
- staff/caregiver issues
- funding/administrative support
- availability of BCBA
125
A method for identifying items that compete with the response product of behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement
Competing stimuli assessment
126
List 3 limitations of the topography-based treatment model:
- contingent relations not broken
- behavior did not maintain or generalize
- problem behavior hidden under tight stimulus control
127
Functional relations are comparable to nonlinear equations in calculus; therefore they are characterized as _______
Nonlinear
128
Reinforcement delivered at the end of a time interval if no target behavior is occurring at that moment
Momentary DRO
129
Contingencies lead to the development of _____ _____
functional relations
130
List 5 limitations of indirect assessment:
- method of obtaining _____ is not clear
- limited on ______ ______
- relies on ______
- poor _____-______ agreement
- poor ______ _______
- hypothesis
- idiosyncratic variables
- recollection
- inter-rater
- convergent validity
131
Statements about lifestyle changes to enhance an individual's quality of life
Outcomes
132
List 4 types of discriminative control strategies:
- Develop an Sd for ______ ______
- Change Sds for ______ _______ into Sds for ______ _____ and S-deltas for ______ ______
- Change EOs for _______ ______ into Sds for ______ ______
- Accomplish a _____ of _______ ______
- prosocial behavior
- problem behavior, prosocial behavior, problem behavior
- problem behavior, prosocial behavior
- transfer of discriminative control
133
A functional response definition includes both the ________ and the ______ in the operational definition
antecedents, behavior
134
Information included in the consumer profile section of the BIP:
```
Family profile
Living situation
Educational/job status
Preferred/non-preferred activities/foods
Special skills
Functional deficits
Social relationships
Other professional services received
```
135
A decrease in a response resulting from discontinuing the response-reinforcer contingency. Extinction process or procedure?
Process
136
Name 4 possible causes of an undifferentiated FA:
- multiple control
- automatic reinforcement
- difficulty with discrimination
- relevant variables not tested
137
List 5 common forms of descriptive assessment:
- narrative recording
- open-ended ABC
- coded ABC
- scatterplot
- structured descriptive assessment
138
Probes are used to determine if procedures are ______ and _______ in the natural environment.
effective and realistic
139
The purpose of functional assessment is to ...
identify functional relations and guide treatment development
140
Name 2 types of time out:
- exclusionary
| - non-exclusionary
141
A statement of social disapproval delivered following problem behavior
Reprimand
142
What functional assessment information should be included in the BIP?
- what descriptive assessment was used
- who was interviewed
- # of observations
- time period of assessment
- pattern and sequence analysis
143
What type of target behavior is appropriate for a DRL?
minor problem behavior
144
List 3 advantages of time-based schedules
Easy to use
Breaks contingency and abates problem behavior
More robust effects than DRO or extinction
145
Are we effective if we only change behavior?
no, we need to change real-world contingencies to achieve meaningful outcomes
146
Scientific conclusions should be based primarily on sensory evidence and in an objective manner
Empiricism
147
Length of access to a reinforcer
Reinforcer duration
148
In a precursor FA, contingencies are placed on precursor behaviors rather than ________ _______
high-risk behavior
149
List 4 limitations of descriptive assessment:
- ________ nature of data
- ________
- sample of ________ may be inadequate
- poor _______ _______
- correlational
- reactivity
- behavior
- convergent validity
150
Type of training in which individual demonstrates mastery in various skills during training
Competency-based training
151
List 2 antecedent interventions for problem behavior maintained by attention:
- time-contingent attention
| - discriminative stimlulus control strategies
152
List 5 characteristics of BIP training:
- occurs before implementation
- ongoing
- competency-based
- provide opportunity for feedback
- supervisor-involvement in live setting
153
List 4 key elements of program meetings:
- regularly occurring
- scheduled in advance
- a safe place to discuss ideas and failures
- document decisions in writing
154
Name 2 benefits of functional analysis
- determines true functional relations
| - may reveal treatment effects
155
Reinforcing one response while withholding reinforcers for another response
Differential reinforcement
156
List 4 variables influencing response allocation
Response effort
Reinforcer quality
Reinforcer delay
Reinforcer magnitude/duration
157
List 3 treatments for behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement:
- extinction
- differential reinforcement
- competing stimuli
158
Approach that focuses only on problem behavior
behavior management
159
Name 3 barriers to FA methodology:
- limited time
- limited control over environment
- staff with inadequate training
160
Is our subject matter behavior alone?
no, it includes operants, respondents, contingencies, and functional relations
161
Time it takes to deliver a reinforcer
Reinforcer delay
162
Name 2 main types of response measures
Dimensional quantities
| Dimensionless quantities
163
List 5 common forms of indirect assessment:
- Motivation Assessment Scale
- Questions about Behavioral Function
- Functional Analysis Interview Form
- Problem Behavior Questionnaire
- FAST
164
A behavior that reliably precedes another behavior
Precursor
165
Mechanism of antecedent intervention which alters discriminative control over behavior
Discriminative effects
166
Behavior plan for the clinical record, described in conceptual terms, linked to outcome statements.
Formal BIP
167
Procedure in which more specific words are taught and results in a larger speaker repertoire
Mand training
168
Non-discrete stimuli that overlap discrete antecedent-behavior relationships
Ecological variables
169
Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by attention
Withhold all attention following the behavior
170
Observing individuals in the natural environment by noting events before and after the behavior
Descriptive assessment
171
List a disadvantage of time-based schedules
Does not necessarily increase prosocial replacement behavior
172
Terms defined by their features; not tied to principles of behavior
structural terms
173
Extinction procedure for behavior maintained by access to tangibles
Deny access to item following the behavior
174
Reinforcement delivered at the end of the session if the target behavior meets criterion
Full session DRL
175
List 3 treatments for behavior maintained by social positive reinforcement:
- extinction
- differential reinforcement
- NCR
176
List 3 instructional modifications for escape maintained behavior:
- modify features of the task
- redesign the curriculum
- use direct instruction, precision teaching, etc
177
The replacement behavior in a DRI _____ need to be functionally equivalent to the target behavior
Does not
178
Should antecedents have only a first name?
no, antecedents exist only in relation to consequences (last name)
179
Non-contingent addition of highly-restrictive protective equipment
Non-contingent restraints
180
Solution to limited control over environment during FA
Trial-based FA
181
List 5 activities to complete prior to writing the BIP:
- referral/screening
- indirect assessment
- descriptive assessment
- preference assessment
- functional analysis
182
List the 3 main elements of a formal BIP:
- antecedent based interventions
- consequence based interventions
- teaching strategies/protocols
183
Additional approval required from those with direct legal responsibility for consumer safety
Prior administrative approval
184
Withholding attention or a tangible contingent on problem behavior is a ______ procedure for behavior maintained by _____ _____ _______.
extinction, social positive reinforcement
185
What year was ABA formalized?
1968
186
Name 2 types of overcorrection:
- restitutional overcorrection
| - positive practice
187
List the 3 primary branches of behavior analysis:
- behaviorism
- experimental analysis
- applied behavior analysis
188
Name the two types of behavior intervention plans:
Formal
| Step-by-step
189
Solution to limited time for FA
Single function or brief FA
190
Mechanism of antecedent intervention which alters consequence effectiveness to evoke or abate behavior
MO effects
191
List 7 antecedent interventions for problem behavior maintained by social negative reinforcement (escape):
- S_______ ______ ___
- G______ ________ / __________
- A_______ _______
- P_______ _________
- T____ ________ _______
- R______ ______ / ______
- M____ _______ of _______
- Stimulus fading in
- Graduated exposure / desensitization
- Altering demands
- Providing choice
- Time contingent escape
- Relocate client / others
- Move location of activities
192
Medications used for behavioral purposes are known as ___________ medications
psychotropic
193
List 8 generic antecedent interventions:
- D________ C_______ strategies
- E_______ E________
- A______ E________
- R________ E______
- C_____ A_______ P______
- Don't mention ____ _______
- M_____ T_______
- Non-______ R_______
- discriminative control strategies
- environmental enrichment
- antecedent exercise
- relaxation exercise
- cushion antecedent predictors
- don't mention bad behavior
- medical treatment
- non-contingent restraints
194
List 3 strategies for promoting generalization in FCT
- Incorporate multiple trainers and settings
- Include like stimuli
- Sequential modification
195
Reinforcement delivered at the end of a time interval for absence of target behavior
DRO
196
Punishment should be delivered ____ _____ the behavior occurs
every time
197
The more intermittent the schedule of reinforcement, the more resistant the behavior is to extinction. This is known as the ________
Partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE)
198
Reinforcement delivered if the target behavior occurs between a minimum and maximum rate/IRT
DRP (paced responding)
199
A temporally remote, or extended, compound event
Setting event
200
Salient stimulus introduced to signal increased availability of attention, then faded to natural cues
Discriminative stimulus control strategies
201
A medication's indirect effect on behavior is known as a _______ _______
secondary effect
202
Underlying mechanism of extinction
Contingency between the response and reinforcer is broken
203
Physically intervening to prevent the completion of a response
Response blocking
204
List 3 sub-types of exclusionary time-out:
- partition or barrier
- hallway
- other room
205
List 3 antecedent interventions for problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement:
- time-contingent delivery of competing stimuli
- time-contingent delivery of drugs/drug substitutes
- transfer of appetitive features of restraints
206
Present a neutral stimulus along with the punisher following the problem behavior to develop a ______ _______
conditioned punisher
207
List 3 antecedent modifications to clarify FA results:
Location
Divided attention
Difficulty of demands
Conditioned correlated stimuli
208
Functional relations are not cause-and-effect or deterministic; therefore they are ________
Probabilistic
209
Noncontingent access to attention, tangibles, activities, etc. in the target setting
Enriched environment
210
Response-independent or time-contingent delivery of reinforcers
NCR
211
Functional relations change with respect to context; therefore they are _______
Complex
212
Brief increase in response variability following extinction
Extinction burst
213
Procedures to prevent occurrence of problem behavior
Antecedent-based interventions
214
List 4 underlying mechanisms of antecedent interventions
MO effects
Discriminative effects
Contingency-breaking effects
Restrict ability to engage in behavior
215
Punishment is referred to as a "default" technology because it is ______ _____ by untrained people due to its _____ ______ of decreasing behavior.
- relied upon
| - quick effects
216
Assess treatment integrity of procedures written in the BIP
Reliability checks
217
Ensures consistency when implementing the BIP
Training plan in the BIP
218
Name the two effects of differential reinforcement
Differentiation
| Discrimination
219
A response definition only includes the behavior in the ________ _________
operational definition
220
Masking reinforcing sensory stimulation contingent on problem behavior is an _______ procedure for behavior maintained by _______ _______
automatic reinforcement
221
The preference assessment section of the BIP identifies _______ _________ to assist with interventions
potential reinforcers
222
Discriminative stimuli derive effects on behavior from a ____ ______ of ________ ________ of a consequence
past history of differential availability of a consequence
223
List 5 variables affecting punishment effectiveness:
- intensity
- behavior chains
- schedule of delivery
- conflicting rules
- delay in delivery
224
Reinforcement delivered for a response physically incompatible with the target behavior
DRI
225
Name 2 antecedent idiosyncratic variables:
Diverted attention
| Attention, but only from specific individuals
226
Characteristics of a BIP monitoring plan:
Who will monitor, for how long, what tool to use, and how feedback is delivered
227
The last name of motivating operations is:
the consequence whose value is being altered
228
The use of punishment may be warranted when...
topographies of behavior are likely to cause harm to self or others
229
List 6 groups providing BIP oversight:
- P____ R_______ C________
- H_____ R______ T_______ C________
- A_______ groups
- S_____ identified __________ ______
- L_____ C________ (in rare cases)
- ______ and ______ (research oversight)
- Peer Review Committee
- Human Rights Treatment Committee
- Advocacy groups
- State identified oversight boards
- Legal counsel
- IRBs and HRCs
230
Name 3 types of DRL schedules
Full-session DRL
Interval DRL
DRL-T (spaced responding)
231
List 6 positive punishment procedures:
- reprimands
- response blocking
- contingent exercise
- overcorrection
- presentation of other aversive stimuli
- contingent electrical stimulation
232
An antecedent effect on behavior is _____
Momentary
233
Behavior analysis was initially a subfield of _______
psychology
234
The data collection section of the BIP should include (4):
- who will collect data
- what type of data will be collected
- when collection periods will occur
- how long data collection periods will last
235
Overall value of a reinforcer
Reinforcer quality
236
Preferred stimulus delivered at a point in time without a response requirement
Time-based schedules
237
Punishers should be delivered at the _______ of a chain
beginning
238
Progressively greater amount of reinforcement delivered for each interval criterion met
Progressive DRO
239
List 5 considerations for punishment procedures:
- include procedures to ______ problem behavior
- program for ________
- use minimal __________
- base punishment on _______ and ________
- _____ _______ when feasible
- include procedures to replace problem behavior
- program for reinforcement
- use minimal intrusiveness
- base punishment on literature and competencies
- vary punishers when feasible
240
DRO schedule thinning procedure
Increase duration of time in which behavior must not occur
241
Gradually changing the antecedent stimulus while the response remains the same
Stimulus fading in
242
DRO interval criterion
50-80% below the average baseline IRT
243
List 3 strategies to minimize unwanted effects of extinction
Combine with other procedures
Switch to CRF schedule for problem behavior before extinction
Identify response class hierarchies
244
What caused the drift to behavior modification and management?
an institutional need for "behavior modifiers"
245
A punishment procedure requiring the individual to repeatedly practice the behavior in the correct way
Positive practice
246
Name 3 FA best practices for data interpretation:
- graph _______ separately
- graph responding during _______ ____ only
- structured ______
- topographies
- relevant MOs
- structured criteria
247
Type of work conducted in early behavior analysis
Topography-based behavior modification/management
248
FCT - Stage 1
Conduct a functional assessment or analysis
249
Who conducted the early applications of behavior analysis?
Behavioral experimental psychology graduates (NOT clinical psychologists)
250
Select response measures based on ________ assessment, _______ behavior characteristics, and available ______
environmental assessment, target behavior characteristics, and available resources
251
Punishment should be delivered ________ following the problem behavior
immediately
252
Behavior plan for caregivers/staff, written in natural language, and functioning as a task analysis
Step-by-step BIP
253
A preference for explanations of behavior that are simple and based on previously established basic principles
Parsimony
254
Motivating operations derive effects on behavior from their _____ _______ effect on ________
value-altering effect on consequences
255
List 3 types of restraints:
Supportive / protective devices
Contingently applied restraints
Emergency procedures
256
Providing escape contingent on an appropriate alternative response
DNRA
257
List 3 antecedent-based interventions for behavior maintained by social negative reinforcement:
- non-contingent escape
- demand fading
- curricular (instructional) revision
258
Name 2 general FA modifications for young children
Use caregivers as therapists
| Conditions based on those observed in home
259
FCT - Stage 3
Transfer control to real-life settings and persons
260
A punishment procedure requiring the individual to restore the environment beyond its original state
Restitutional overcorrection
261
Identify the event evoking problem behavior and modify it to abate behavior
Cushion antecedent predictors
262
One event depends on another
Contingency
263
List 2 common DRL mistakes:
- using DRL for _____ _____ ______
- using full-session/interval DRL with ____ _____
- using DRL for severe problem behavior
| - using full-session/interval DRL with naive learners
264
The BIP should include a list of problem behavior _______ ________ and their _______ ________
reduction targets and operational definitions
265
A punishment procedure restricting an individual from earning positive reinforcement for a specified period contingent on problem behavior
time out from positive reinforcement
266
Populations served in early behavior analysis
Prisoners, severe autism, mental retardation, schizophrenia
