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SAFMEDS BEHP 5011-15 > BEHP 5012, Units 1-5 > Flashcards

BEHP 5012, Units 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Decrease the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer and abate behavior which is maintained by the reinforcer whose value has been lowered (decreased)

A

Transitive CAO

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2
Q

EO related to negative reinforcement

A

EO SR-

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3
Q

A decrease in the momentary frequency of behavior

A

Abative effect

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4
Q

The degree to which an intervention is implemented as described/designated

A

IV integrity

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5
Q

Any point within the plane of the chart represents a specific relationship between the two variables (dimensions) measured along each of the axis lines

A

Simple line graph

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6
Q

List 4 considerations in visual analysis of a graph

A

Level
Variability
Trend
Number of data points

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7
Q

Similar to event recording of a restricted or discriminated operant which has been converted to a percent

A

Percent occurrence

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8
Q

Baseline is collected on two behaviors; one treatment is implemented for each behavior; in the next phase, treatments are reversed

A

Reversal design

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9
Q

Vertical axis, represents the range of values of the dependent variable

A

Y-axis

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10
Q

A mathematical way to calculate trend

A

Split middle line of progress

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11
Q

List the steps of a preliminary assessment

  1. Determine who …
  2. Determine whether …
  3. Complete …
  4. Review …
  5. Meet …
    6.
A
  1. Determine who has the authority to give consent for services
  2. Determine whether or not you have
    the permission, skills, time, and resources to begin assessment
  3. Complete intake paperwork or the equivalent (may be done by clerk)
  4. Review records and available data
  5. Meet client and begin observations
  6. Document
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12
Q

A response terminates a warning stimulus

A

Signaled avoidance

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13
Q

The repeated and systematic presentation and removal of a treatment and measurement of behavior while holding other factors constant

A

Single-Case Designs

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14
Q

Major change in the independent variable or a major (usually permanent) change in the environment.

A

Phase change

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15
Q

The overall direction taken by the data path through a set of data points

A

Trend

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16
Q

A systematic form of data examination, characterized by visual inspection of graphical displays of those data.

A

Visual data analysis

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17
Q

A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken into short intervals of time; occurrence is recorded if a response happens during any part of the interval

A

Partial interval recording

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18
Q

The direction and degree of trend in a series of graphically displayed data points can be visually represented with a straight line drawn through the data

A

Trend lines

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19
Q

Primarily used in EAB; each response moves the ink stylus one unit (click) along its track. When it reaches the end of the track, it resets to zero and begins moving again, one click at a time. Paper moves under the stylus at a steady rate

A

Cumulative recorder

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20
Q

Characteristics of a good response definition

A

Objective, clear, complete

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21
Q

List 4 strategies for minimizing threats to validity

A

Measurement
Stability
Immediacy
Replication

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22
Q

Amount of time a target behavior occupies (episode or response)

A

Duration per occurrence

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23
Q

List the steps of event recording

A
  1. Record time observation began
  2. Count the responses
  3. Record time observation ended
  4. Divide: Count/unit of time
  5. Report as rate per unit of time
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24
Q

A discontinuous response measure in which a recording session is broken into short intervals of times; occurrence is recorded if the behavior occurs for the whole interval

A

Whole interval recording

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25
Q

A conditioned aversive stimulus whose presence is correlated with the upcoming onset of an unconditioned aversive stimulus

A

Warning stimulus

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26
Q

An individually measured value of the target behavior (the DV) at a given point in time

A

Data point

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27
Q

The consistency of measurement

A

Reliability

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28
Q

Bisect the data, with close to an equal number of data points above the line as below the line

A

Best fit line

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29
Q

Assessment of the DV prior to the introduction or change of the IV

A

Baseline

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30
Q

Equal movements represent equal increases in the behavior. The behavior should be expressed in whole time units.

A

Y-axis units

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31
Q

An AO for negative punishment; evokes behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past

A

Promise CAO-R

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32
Q

A concise statement that provides: Sufficient information to identify the dependent variables and the independent variables, and possibly other salient information necessary to visually interpret the data

A

Figure legend

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33
Q

Measuring the results of behavior

A

Permanent products

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34
Q

8 threats to internal validity (MADSHIRT)

A 
Maturation
Attrition
Diffusion of treatment
Selection bias
History
Instrumentation
Regression towards the mean
Testing
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35
Q

First baseline is continuous, but subsequent baseline data collection is conducted on an intermittent basis relative to the first baseline

A

Multiple probe technique

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36
Q

An EO for negative reinforcement; evokes avoidance behavior and evokes behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past

A

Threat CEO-R

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37
Q

Repeatedly exposing a subject to a given condition while trying to eliminate or control extraneous influences on the behavior and obtaining a stable pattern of responding before introducing the next condition

A

Steady state strategy

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38
Q

Uses for IOA

A

Competence of new observers
Detecting observer drift
Validating collection methods
Increase confidence that interventions are responsible for behavior change

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39
Q

Document phase changes; placed at a point along the X-axis indicating the point in time when the phase change occurred for a clear visual separation between the data charted before the phase change, and the data collected after the phase change.

A

Phase change lines

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40
Q

3 elements of steady state strategy

A

Prediction, verification, replication

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41
Q

The effect of a stimulus on a specific response may be innate, due to the evolutionary history of that species

A

Phylogenic provenance

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42
Q

The treatment goals and achieved outcomes are acceptable, socially relevant, and useful to the individual receiving services and to those who care about the individual

A

Social validity

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43
Q

A series of straight lines connecting successive data points within a phase or condition

A

Data path

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44
Q

States what response measure was used to measure the dependent variable (target behavior)

A

Y-axis label

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45
Q

List 3 common uses of line graphs

A

Charting ABA data
Evaluating treatment effectiveness
Functional analyses

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46
Q

Any defined, observable, and measurable behavior which is the focus of assessment, analysis and intervention

A

Target behavior

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47
Q

An event that establishes another stimulus as a necessary condition to complete the response that the first event evokes, and thus establishes that second stimulus as a reinforcer

A

Transitive CEO

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48
Q

An AO for negative reinforcement; abates avoidance behavior and abates behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past

A

Threat CAO-R

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49
Q

Trials to criterion steps

A
  1. Determine what one trial will be
  2. Decide how to report (number of trials or number of block trials)
  3. Record count as the measure
  4. Present data
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50
Q

AO related to positive reinforcement

A

AO SR+

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51
Q

States what time periods are represented by each successive data point

A

X-axis label

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52
Q

Exact count per interval

A

of intervals with 100% agreement/Number of intervals x100

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53
Q

EO related to negative punishment

A

EO SP-

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54
Q

A group of individuals is observed at the end of an interval. Count how many of the individuals are engaging in the target behavior. Compare with the total number of individuals. Percent of individuals engaging in behavior.

A

PLACHECK

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55
Q

A CEO-R ________ behaviors which in the past have removed the threat.

A

Evokes (escape behavior)

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56
Q

Runs from zero up to some number which is chosen by the creator of the graph

A

Y-axis range

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57
Q

CEO related to positive reinforcement

A

CEO Sr+

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58
Q

Latency recording (2 considerations)

A

Specify when to start recording (at the onset or offset of the stimulus) and when to stop recording (at the beginning or end of the response cycle).

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59
Q

A discontinuous response measure in which a response is recorded as occurring only if it occurs at the point in time in which an interval ends.

A

Momentary time sampling

60
Q

No clear warning stimulus, but a response can still delay or prevent the occurrence of the aversive event

A

Unsignaled avoidance

61
Q

IOA should be collected and scored for a minimum of ___ of observations

A

33%

62
Q

List 3 factors to consider when selecting a response measure

A

The dimensional quantity of interest
The estimated rate of the behavior
Whether to measure responses or episodes

63
Q

EO related to positive reinforcement

A

EO SR+

64
Q

The extent to which a study’s results are generalizable to other subjects, settings, or behaviors

A

External validity

65
Q

The onset of painful stimulation establishes the reduction or offset of this stimulation as an effective form of reinforcement and evokes behavior that achieved such reduction or offset

A

Negative reinforcement

66
Q

The quantitative results of deliberate, planned, and usually controlled observation

A

Data

67
Q

The extent to which measures of behavior under the same environmental conditions diverge from one another

A

Variability

68
Q

List 3 types of data display:

A
  1. Data may be embedded in text.
  2. Data may be presented in summary form, usually as a structured data table (a numerical representation of data)
  3. Data may be presented in graphical form (a visual representation of data)
69
Q

EO related to reinforcement

A

EO SR

70
Q

The application of the principles of operant and respondent learning derived from the experimental analysis of behavior and the application of methods and procedures validated by ABA researchers to assess and improve socially important human behaviors

A

ABA Practice

71
Q

A motivating operation whose value-altering effect depends on a learning history

A

Conditioned motivating operations

72
Q

List 3 characteristics of a good response definition

A

Objective, clear and complete

73
Q

MO related to reinforcement

A

MO SR

74
Q

The mean (average) value of a set of data points, usually across an entire condition or phase

A

Level

75
Q

Singular form of the term ‘data’

A

Datum

76
Q

Effects on behavior in one condition resulting from experience with a prior condition

A

Sequence effects

77
Q

The number of consecutive opportunities to respond required to achieve a performance standard. Record each opportunity to respond until the performance standard is met.

A

Trials to criterion

78
Q

EO related to punishment

A

EO SP

79
Q

Baseline phase followed by a treatment phase; effect is demonstrated when behavior changes from one phase to the next

A

A-B design

80
Q

Can be marked according to the needs of the behavior analyst to promote the most useful analysis. Can be marked as any specified recorded observation periods, over a period of time.

A

X-axis units

81
Q

Brief labels, placed at the top of the chart, that identify each separate major phase of treatment

A

Phase labels

82
Q

AO related to positive punishment

A

AO SP+

83
Q

List the steps of event recording for restricted operants

A
  1. Record time observation began
  2. Record each antecedent
  3. Record each response
  4. Record time observation ended
  5. Report as (responses/antecedents)/unit of time
84
Q

List reasons for selecting a target behavior:

  • helps individual _____ _____
  • behavior deficit makes …
  • behavior is _____, _____ or _____
  • behavior is controlled by _____ or _____
  • behavior _____ _____ from social situations
  • behavior interferes with _____ ______
A

Helps individual achieve outcomes
Behavior deficit makes the person too dependent on others
Behavior is harmful, dangerous or illegal
Behavior is controlled by meds or restraints
Behavior excludes individual from social situations
Behavior interferes with independent functioning

85
Q

The practitioner gathers basic information about the case, determines if behavioral services are appropriate, and if he/she is the appropriate provider of those services

A

Preliminary assessment

86
Q

Mean count per interval

A

Total agreement in each interval/Number of intervals x100

87
Q

Represents the relationship between the IV and the DV on a graph

A

Data path

88
Q

Abscissa

A

Horizontal X-axis

89
Q

A motivating operation that decreases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a consequence (reinforcer or punisher)

A

Abolishing operation

90
Q

IOA should be at or above …

A

80%

91
Q

UEO related to positive reinforcement

A

UEO SR+

92
Q

List 7 dimensionless quantities of discontinuous response measures

A 
Percent occurrence
Trials to criterion
Discrete categorization
Partial interval recording
Whole interval recording
Momentary time sampling
PLACHECK
93
Q

List 4 graphic displays used in ABA

A

Equal interval line graph
Cumulative records
Bar graph
Semi-logarithmic graphs

94
Q

Life changes that represent a person’s aspirations, dreams, and broad preferences

A

Outcomes

95
Q

Minor changes occur in the independent variable or there is a minor (usually temporary) change in the environment

A

Condition change lines

96
Q

Mark changes occurring within a phase

A

Condition labels

97
Q

Repeated, systematic presentation and removal of an IV while measuring changes in the DV and holding other factors constant

A

Experimental design

98
Q

A relatively simple visual format for displaying data

A

Graph

99
Q

List 6 types of problems with behavior

A 
Skill deficits
Problems with strength of behavior
Problems with performance
Problems with stimulus control
Problems with generality
Behavior excesses
100
Q

The primary goals of systematic experimental manipulation

A

To demonstrate a functional relation between the IV and the DV, and to evaluate the interventions once they are decided upon

101
Q

Frequency polygon

A

Line graph

102
Q

AO related to reinforcement

A

AO SR

103
Q

Vertical axis represents the value of a dependent variable. Horizontal axis represents a phase, condition, or classification variable.

A

Bar graph (histogram)

104
Q

Developed by Skinner as the primary means of data collection and analysis in EAB lab research

A

Cumulative record

105
Q

An EO for negative punishment; abates behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past

A

Promise CEO-R

106
Q

Those skills and abilities that enable the individual to meet standards of personal independence and responsibility that would be expected of his or her age and social group

A

Adaptive behavior

107
Q

The extent to which an analysis assures that measured changes in behavior are due to the manipulation and not due to uncontrolled extraneous variables

A

Internal validity

108
Q

Directly measure a dimensional quantity of behavior (direct)

A

Continuous response measures

109
Q

3 Situations to use cumulative graphs

A

When total number of responses over time is important ($ saved)
When used for participant feedback
When target bx can only occur/not occur once per session

110
Q

Two main methods of IOA

A

Total count / Percent agreement

111
Q

An environmental variable that alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object or event

A

Motivating operation

112
Q

EO related to positive punishment

A

EO SP+

113
Q

Start timing at the end of the response cycle. Stop timing at the beginning of the next response cycle.

A

Inter-response time recording

114
Q

An SDP _______ behaviors which in the past have produced the punisher.

A

Abates

115
Q

Behavior that terminates an aversive stimulus

A

Escape

116
Q

MO related to punishment

A

MO SP

117
Q

The coefficient of agreement between two or more independent observers. Usually calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of agreements by the total number of agreements plus disagreements, then multiplying by 100

A

Inter-observer agreement

118
Q

A motivating operation that establishes the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a consequence (reinforcer or punisher)

A

Establishing operation

119
Q

AO related to punishment

A

AO SP

120
Q

Abolishes its own termination as an effective form of negative reinforcement or punishment

A

Reflexive CAO

121
Q

Acquire the properties of an AO through contingent pairing with UAOs in much the same way that stimuli become Srs through pairing

A

Surrogate CAO

122
Q

Changes in an antecedent or consequent stimulus class consistently alter a dimension of a response class

A

Functional relation

123
Q

Do not measure behavior directly (indirect)

A

Discontinuous response measures

124
Q

Total amount of time an individual engages in an activity (over a specified period)

A

Duration per session

125
Q

These lead to outcomes

A

Behavior and behavior change

126
Q

Baseline is followed by a treatment condition and then a return to baseline condition

A

Withdrawal design

127
Q

Based on a Cartesian plane, a two-dimensional area formed by the intersection of two perpendicular lines (one vertical, one horizontal)

A

Equal interval line graph

128
Q

Two or more independent baselines are established; the IV is introduced in a staggered fashion to each baseline - when behavior is stable for the first baseline, the IV is introduced to the second baseline, and so on

A

Multiple baseline design

129
Q

Acquire the properties of an EO through contingent pairing with UEOs in much the same way that stimuli become Srs through pairing

A

Surrogate CEO

130
Q

Terminates a “warning” stimulus; prevents or delays the onset of the aversive stimulus

A

Avoidance

131
Q

Ordinate

A

Vertical Y-axis

132
Q

List 7 parts of an equal interval line graph:

A 
The horizontal X-axis
The vertical Y-axis
Data points
The data path
Condition and phase change lines
Condition and phase change labels
Figure legend
133
Q

An increase in the momentary frequency of behavior

A

Evocative effect

134
Q

AO related to negative punishment

A

AO SP-

135
Q

Horizontal axis, represents the passage of time

A

X-axis

136
Q

Movement in the analysis from one level or kind of IV to the next level or kind of IV

A

Phase change

137
Q

The effect of the stimulus on a specific response may be learned, due to the experiential history of the individual organism in the environment

A

Ontogenic provenance

138
Q

Establishes its own termination as an effective form of negative reinforcement or punishment

A

Reflexive CEO

139
Q

AO related to negative reinforcement

A

AO SR-

140
Q

Discontinuous response measure used for behavior targed for increase because it tends to under-report behavior

A

Whole interval recording

141
Q

Estimate IRTs when given the _____, provided that the _____ is not too great and there are no _____

A

rate, variability, outliers

142
Q

List 4 dimensional quantities of continuous response measures

A

event, latency, duration, IRT

143
Q

Discontinuous response measure used for behavior targeted for decrease because it tends to over-report behavior

A

Partial interval recording

144
Q

Used when outlying data points skew the level line in a way that makes it non-representative of the data set as a whole

A

Median Level

145
Q

A method for classifying responses into discrete categories

A

Discrete categorization

146
Q

The rate of response during periods of time smaller than that for which an overall rate has been given

A

Local response rate

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