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SAFMEDS BEHP 5011-15 > BEHP 5011, Units 1-5 > Flashcards

BEHP 5011, Units 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Discriminative stimulus for unavailability of positive punishment

A

S-delta P+

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2
Q

An environmental change in which a stimulus is added (presented) or magnified following a response, that decreases the future frequency of that response

A

Positive Punishment

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3
Q

A stimulus that follows, that is, occurs after a response

A

Consequence

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4
Q

An environmental change that follows a response and increases or maintains the future frequency of that behavior

A

Reinforcement

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5
Q

The process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened by withholding reinforcement

A

Operant extinction

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6
Q

An environmental change in which a stimulus is subtracted (withdrawn or removed) or attenuated following a response, and which increases or maintains the future frequency of that behavior

A

Negative reinforcement

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7
Q

An environmental variable that alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object or event.

A

Motivating operation

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8
Q

A stimulus that initially has no innate reinforcing properties, but acquires reinforcing properties through pairing with unconditioned reinforcers or powerful conditioned reinforcers

A

Conditioned reinforcer

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9
Q

The total constellation of stimuli and conditions which can affect behavior

A

Environment

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10
Q

A grouping of individual actions or responses that share those commonalities included in the class definition

A

Response class

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11
Q

A temporary increase in some dimension or intensity of a reflex response due to repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus (usually aversive).

A

Potentiation

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12
Q

When differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing a response when certain stimuli are present and not reinforcing the same response when those stimuli are not present.

A

Discrimination

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13
Q

A discrimination in which reinforcing a response is contingent (conditional) on another stimulus

A

Conditional discrimination

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14
Q

Reinforcing only those responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion along some dimension(s) and placing all other responses in the class on extinction.

A

Differential reinforcement

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15
Q

A stimulus which precedes, that is, occurs before a response

A

Antecedent

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16
Q

SD for SR

A

Discriminative stimulus for reinforcement

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17
Q

Sp+

A

Conditioned positive punishment

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18
Q

SP-

A

Unconditioned negative punishment

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19
Q

To strongly, consistently and reliably evoke; used exclusively for respondent functional relations

A

Elicit

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20
Q

Continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact

A

Philosophical doubt

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21
Q

No clear warning stimulus, but a response can still delay or prevent the occurrence of the aversive event.

A

Unsignaled avoidance

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22
Q

Behavior is modified by its consequences irrespective of the person’s awareness

A

Automaticity

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23
Q

Consist of the situation (set of circumstances) in which behavior occurs at any given time

A

Environmental context

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24
Q

Discriminative stimulus for punishment; abates behavior because in the past that behavior has been punished in its presence

A

SDP for SP

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25
Q

When the frequency, latency, duration or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.

A

Stimulus control

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26
Q

The onset of the CS must come first, before the onset of the US; 1-2 second delay; very effective

A

Short delay conditioning

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27
Q

SDP+

A

Discriminative stimulus for positive punishment

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28
Q

A stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior learning; that is, its effect is due to phylogenic provenance

A

Unconditioned reinforcer

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29
Q

A decrease in the momentary frequency of a response class

A

Abative effect

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30
Q

Effect of consequences on discriminative stimuli

A

Function-altering

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31
Q

A temporary reduction in a reflex response due to repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus. Transitory, only used in reference to reflexes.

A

Habituation

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32
Q

List the 3 fundamental properties

A

Temporal locus, temporal extent, repeatability

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33
Q

The environment selects which variations survive and are passed on.

A

Natural selection

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34
Q

S-delta P for (XSPX)

A

Discriminative stimulus for withholding punishment

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35
Q

A fundamental quality of a natural phenomenon

A

Property

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36
Q

A response can reoccur

A

Repeatability

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37
Q

S-delta R+

A

Discriminative stimulus for extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement

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38
Q

SDR-

A

Discriminative stimulus for negative reinforcement

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39
Q

Terminates a “warning” stimulus; prevents or delays the onset of an aversive stimulus

A

Avoidance

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40
Q

A stimulus that, when presented following a response, increases or maintains the future frequency of that response

A

Reinforcer

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41
Q

The tendency of a learned response to occur in the presence of stimuli which were not present during training but which either have some similar physical properties to the SD or have been associated with the SD.

A

Simulus generalization

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42
Q

The philosophy or world view underlying behavior analysis. Posits that behavior is the subject matter of our science.

A

Behaviorism

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43
Q

A stimulus which has no eliciting effect on behavior prior to being paired contingently with an unconditioned stimulus or another conditioned stimulus.

A

Neutral stimulus

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44
Q

A specific instance of behavior

A

Response

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45
Q

A collection of two or more topographically different responses that all have the same effect on the environment, usually producing a specific class of reinforcers.

A

Functional response class

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46
Q

Discriminative stimuli and motivating operations are ________ antecedents

A

Behavior-altering

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47
Q

The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior

A

Extinction

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48
Q

Discovered the Law of Effect

A

Edward Lee Thorndike

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49
Q

Discriminative stimulus for unavailability of negative punishment

A

S-delta P-

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50
Q

A response which is elicited by a conditioned stimulus due to prior learning

A

Conditioned response

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51
Q

S-delta for (XSRX)

A

Discriminative stimulus for extinction

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52
Q

The effect of a stimulus on a specific response may be innate, due to the evolutionary history of that species.

A

Phylogenic provenance

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53
Q

Behavior that has an effect on the environment and is primarily under the control of its consequences

A

Operant behavior

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54
Q

The sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned reflex.

A

Respondent spontaneous recovery

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55
Q

A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience

A

Learning

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56
Q

A person explicitly arranged the contingency

A

Planned reinforcement

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57
Q

The contingency was not explicitly arranged

A

Unplanned reinforcement

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58
Q

SP+

A

Unconditioned positive punishment

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59
Q

An environmental change in which a stimulus is added (presented) or magnified following a response, that increases or maintains the future frequency of that response

A

Positive reinforcement

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60
Q

A quantifiable aspect of a property

A

Dimensional quantities

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61
Q

CS and US occur at the same time; usually not effective

A

Simultaneous conditioning

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62
Q

Behavior is NOT likely to occur under the current conditions

A

Abate

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63
Q

Sr-

A

Conditioned negative reinforcement

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64
Q

List 3 types of contingencies

A

S-S contingencies (pairing), R-S contingencies, S-R-S contingencies (3-term contingency)

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65
Q

Change in one of the other dimensional quantities of behavior over time.

A

Celeration

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66
Q

Occurs when stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions

A

Punishment

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67
Q

Behavior is likely to occur now, under the current conditions

A

Evoke

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68
Q

An increase in the momentary frequency of a response class

A

Evocative effect

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69
Q

A change in the environment which can affect behavior

A

Stimulus

70
Q

List examples of human reflexes

A

Patellar reflex, eye blink reflex, lachrymal reflex, pupillary reflex, respiratory reflex, sneeze reflex, cough reflex, rooting reflex, sucking reflex, salivation reflex, swallowing reflex, peristalsis reflex, reverse peristalsis reflex, reflex related to low/high temp, reflex related to loud sound, withdrawal reflex, activation reflex

71
Q

List the 5 philosophical assumptions

A

Determinism, empiricism, parsimony, philosophical doubt, pragmatism

72
Q

The process through which a conditioned reflex is weakened by discontinuing to pair the CS with the US.

A

Respondent extinction

73
Q

S-delta P-

A

Discriminative stimulus for unavailability of negative punishment

74
Q

SDR+

A

Discriminative stimulus for positive reinforcement

75
Q

The number of responses or number of cycles of the response class

A

Countability

76
Q

SDP for SP

A

Discriminative stimulus for punishment

77
Q

A procedure based on the principle of negative punishment; the organism cannot access (generally specified) reinforcers

A

Time out from positive reinforcement

78
Q

A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world.

A

Science

79
Q

A motivating operation whose value-altering effect depends on learning history

A

Conditioned motivating operations

80
Q

An operant class that is established through the process of differential reinforcement with respect to the presence or absence of antecedent stimuli.

A

Discriminated operant

81
Q

Discriminative stimulus for positive reinforcement

A

SDR+

82
Q

Configuration, form, or shape of a response

A

Topography

83
Q

The tendency of behavior to occur more frequently in the presence of a particular stimulus because the behavior has been reinforced only or mostly in the presence of that stimulus.

A

Discriminative control

84
Q

SR+

A

Unconditioned positive reinforcement

85
Q

The amount of time between a stimulus and a response

A

Latency

86
Q

List 4 natural sciences

A

Physics, chemistry, biology, behavior analysis

87
Q

A single response occurs in time

A

Temporal locus

88
Q

This process of behavioral variability, selection by consequences, and behavioral reproduction occurs throughout the organism’s lifetime

A

Operant selection

89
Q

A stimulus which elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning; that is, due to ontogenic provenance. Only used in reference to reflexes and respondent behavior.

A

Conditioned stimulus

90
Q

A response which is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning; only used to refer to respondent behavior

A

Unconditioned response

91
Q

A dependency between events

A

Contingency

92
Q

A conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers and which is effective for a wide range of behaviors

A

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

93
Q

A simple relation between a specific conditioned stimulus and a conditioned involuntary response.

A

Conditioned reflex

94
Q

Sr+

A

Conditioned positive reinforcement

95
Q

Objective observation with thorough description and quantification of the phenomena of interest, behavior

A

Empiricism

96
Q

SDP-

A

Discriminative stimulus for negative punishment

97
Q

A neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus (CS) rather than with a US.

A

Higher order conditioning

98
Q

Inherited biological factors, genetic factors

A

Phylogenic factors

99
Q

The beginning, middle, and end of a response

A

Response cycle

100
Q

A collection of two or more responses which share a common form

A

Topographical response class

101
Q

The process by which a previously punished behavior is strengthened by withholding punishment

A

Recovery from punishment

102
Q

S-delta P+

A

Discriminative stimulus for unavailability of positive punishment

103
Q

A simple relation between a specific stimulus and a specific, innate, involuntary response

A

Unconditioned reflex

104
Q

Operant antecedents never function independently from …

A

Consequences

105
Q

Causes of behavior, probalistic

A

Determinants of behavior

106
Q

The tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus.

A

Sensitization

107
Q

Discriminative stimulus for extinction; abates behavior because in the past that behavior has not been reinforced in its presence

A

S-delta for (XSRX)

108
Q

A natural science that studies functional relations between behavior and environmental events.

A

Behavior Analysis

109
Q

A group of stimuli that share specified common elements along formal, temporal, and/or functional dimensions.

A

Stimulus class

110
Q

Contingently remove a stimulus immediately after the response

A

Consequential operation (-)

111
Q

The spread of the effects of respondent conditioning to stimuli other than the conditioned stimuli.

A

Respondent stimulus generalization

112
Q

A motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history

A

Unconditioned motivating operations

113
Q

The effects or results of a response on the environment

A

Function

114
Q

The time between two successive responses

A

IRT

115
Q

Discriminative stimulus for extinction of behavior maintained by negative reinforcement

A

S-delta R-

116
Q

Empirical phenomena; direct observation and measurement of phenomena or its permanent products

A

Natural science

117
Q

The consequence is mediated by another person

A

Socially mediated reinforcement

118
Q

When differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing some responses and not reinforcing other responses

A

Differentiation

119
Q

Discriminative stimulus for extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement

A

S-delta R+

120
Q

Discriminative stimulus for negative punishment

A

SDP-

121
Q

B.F. Skinner’s philosophy of the science of human behavior. Most influential type of behaviorism for guiding the science and practice of behavior analysis

A

Radical behaviorism

122
Q

If the opportunity to engage in a “preferred” or “high-probability” behavior is made contingent on engaging in a “less-preferred” behavior, the future duration or frequency of the “less-preferred” behavior will increase

A

Premack Principle

123
Q

A stimulus that, usually, is punishing without any prior learning; that is, its effect is due to phylogenic provenance

A

Unconditioned punisher

124
Q

A stimulus that initially has no innate punishing properties, but acquires punishing properties through pairing with unconditioned punishers or powerful conditioned punishers

A

Conditioned punisher

125
Q

The ratio of the number of responses over some period of time.

A

Rate

126
Q

The basic process by which operant learning occurs

A

Operant conditioning

127
Q

Discriminative stimulus for reinforcement; evokes behavior because in the past that behavior has been reinforced in its presence

A

SD for SR

128
Q

List 3 social sciences

A

Psychology, sociology, political science

129
Q

Repeating any part of an experiment

A

Replication

130
Q

A response occupies time

A

Temporal extent

131
Q

Current and past environmental events, experiential history

A

Ontogenic factors

132
Q

Organisms learn through the consequences of their actions

A

Law of Effect

133
Q

Changes in an antecedent or consequent stimulus class consistently alter a dimension of a response class

A

Functional relation

134
Q

A simple relation between an antecedent stimulus and a reflex response.

A

Reflex

135
Q

Behavior that can be observed by others, even though special instrumentation may be required at times.

A

Public behavior

136
Q

Discriminative stimulus for negative reinforcement

A

SDR-

137
Q

The onset of the US must come before the onset of the CS; almost always ineffective

A

Backwards conditioning

138
Q

Contingently present a stimulus immediately after the response

A

Consequential operation (+)

139
Q

The offset of the CS must come before the onset of the US; sometimes effective

A

Trace conditioning

140
Q

The nearness of events in time

A

Temporal contiguity

141
Q

Differential reinforcement leads to neutral stimuli becoming able to evoke or abate a response. This is a ___________ effect.

A

Function-altering

142
Q

An environmental change in which a stimulus is subtracted (withdrawn, removed) or attenuated following a response, that decreases the future frequency of that behavior

A

Negative Punishment

143
Q

Systematic manipulation of an independent variable

A

Experimentation

144
Q

Discriminative stimulus for withholding punishment; evokes behavior because in the past that behavior has not been punished in its presence

A

S-delta P for (XSPX)

145
Q

Cultural practices evolve as they contribute to the success of the practicing group

A

Cultural selection

146
Q

A stimulus which elicits an unconditioned response without prior learning; only used to refer to reflexes and respondent behavior

A

Unconditioned stimulus

147
Q

Behavior that terminates an aversive stimulus

A

Escape

148
Q

The reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior during the extinction of a more recently reinforced behavior

A

Resurgence

149
Q

The sudden and temporary reappearance of a behavior following extinction

A

Operant spontaneous recovery

150
Q

List 4 goals of science

A

Description, prediction, control and development of technology

151
Q

S-delta R-

A

Discriminative stimulus for extinction of behavior maintained by negative reinforcement

152
Q

Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered

A

Parsimony

153
Q

The process in which repeated cycles occur of variation, interaction with the environment, and differential replication as a function of the interaction

A

Selection

154
Q

Assesses the truth of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application

A

Pragmatism

155
Q

The effect of a stimulus on a specific response may be learned, due to the experiential history of the individual organism in the environment.

A

Ontogenic provenance

156
Q

List the 6 basic operations

A

Direct observation, repeated measures, graph data, manipulation, systematic evaluation, analysis and interpretation

157
Q

An antecedent stimulus which evokes or abates a specific behavior, due to a past history of differential availability of reinforcement or punishment for that behavior, dependent on their presence versus their absence.

A

Discriminative stimulus

158
Q

SR-

A

Unconditioned negative reinforcement

159
Q

Simplest type of operant contingency

A

R-S (response-stimulus)

160
Q

List contributions of BF Skinner

A

EAB, operant chamber, principles of operant conditioning, radical behaviorism, analysis of verbal behavior, cumulative recorder, programmed instruction

161
Q

Discriminative stimulus for positive punishment

A

SDP+

162
Q

A stimulus - stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response.

A

Respondent conditioning

163
Q

The amount of time between the beginning and end of the response cycle.

A

Duration

164
Q

The universe is a lawful and orderly place

A

Determinism

165
Q

Sp-

A

Conditioned negative punishment

166
Q

Everything that an organism does. The interaction of the muscles, glands, and other parts of a live organism with the environment.

A

Behavior

167
Q

A conditioned aversive stimulus whose presence is correlated with the upcoming onset of an unconditioned aversive stimulus

A

Warning stimulus

168
Q

Behavior that cannot be observed by others; it is only accessible to the organism who is engaging in the private event.

A

Private behavior

169
Q

The onset of the CS must come first, before the onset of the US; up to 30 second delay; usually effective

A

Long delay conditioning

170
Q

The response itself directly produces the reinforcing consequence. That is, the consequence is not mediated by another person.

A

Automatic reinforcement

171
Q

Hypothetical constructs outside of the natural realm; indirect observation and measurement

A

Social science

172
Q

A reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response or a set of responses as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or an environmental context.

A

Adaptation

SAFMEDS BEHP 5011-15 (9 decks)

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