BEHP 5011, Units 6-9 Flashcards
The spread of the effects of reinforcement to responses outside the limits of an operant class
Induction
Opposite of differentiation
Response generalization
Its onset weakens behavior that precedes onset
Aversive stimulus
List four domains of behavior analysis
Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
Behavior Analysis Service Delivery
Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
Two value-altering effects of motivating operations
Establishing and abolishing effects
Decreases the momentary frequency of a response class
Abative effect
Introduced the term “establishing operation”
Keller and Schoenfeld
Deals with philosophical and theoretical issues
Conceptual Analysis
Reinforcement occurs if and only if the rate of response is equal to or greater than a specified value
Differential Reinforcement of a High Rate of Responding (DRH)
Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses
Ratio
An alteration in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a result of a motivating operation.
Value-altering effect
A motivating operation that establishes the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer
Establishing operation
Verbal operant under the antecedent control of verbal stimuli without point-to-point correspondence and with no formal similarity
Intraverbal
Opposite of response generalization
Differentiation
Consists of two or more schedules of reinforcement operating simultaneously but independently of each other, each for a different response
Concurrent schedules
Two general types of motivating operations
Establishing operations and abolishing operations
Schedule of reinforcement that produces steady, low to moderate rates of responding
Variable Interval schedule
The repeating of a vocal verbal unit
Echoic
An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation
Evocative effect
The likelihood that a consequence will follow a specific response now
Availability
Term used by E.A. Vargas instead of “listener”
Mediator
Each and every single response that is emitted is reinforced; used to establish or strengthen behavior
Continuous reinforcement (CRF)
A stimulus or operation which evokes or abates a behavior due to having a value-altering effect on the consequence which reinforces or punishes that behavior
Motivating operation
Its offset strengthens behavior that precedes offset
Aversive stimulus
Schedule of reinforcement that produces a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement which is followed by a gradual increase in the rate of responding, with the highest rates at the time closest to reinforcement
Fixed Interval schedule
Motivating operations increase or decrease the effectiveness of a stimulus as a consequence. This is a ______ effect.
Value-altering
Its offset weakens behavior that precedes offset
Appetitive stimulus
No discriminative stimuli (Sds) in the links of the chain
Tandem schedule
An establishing operation whose value-altering effect is of ontogenic provenance
Conditioned establishing operation (CEO)
Increase in the momentary effectiveness of a specific reinforcer or punisher
Establishing effect
A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain
Behavior chain
A change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule
Behavioral contrast
The set of assessment and behavior change procedures validated by ABA researchers
Behavioral technology
The number of responses, or amount of time, is random, but centers around a particular value
Variable
Name four other unconditioned motivating operations (in addition to deprivation/satiation)
Too cold, too warm, sex, painful stimulation
The speaker selects a stimulus in the environment by pointing or finding a picture and handing it to the listener
Selection-based verbal behavior
Organisms match relative rates of behavior to relative rates of reinforcement
Matching Law
Stimuli that occur between two responses in a chain
Links
An operant class that includes within it other classes that can themselves function as operants
Higher-order class
Introduced the term “motivating operations”
Jack Michael
The rule which describes or specifies which responses will be followed by reinforcement and which will not
Schedule of reinforcement
Two effects of AOs related to reinforcement
Reinforcer-abolishing effect and abative effect
The terminal target response is similar in form to the initial response, but varies across some dimension, such as rate or duration
Shaping within topographies
Three parameters of reinforcement
Magnitude, quantity, duration
Behavior acquired via immediate reinforcement contingencies
Contingency-shaped behavior
A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is decreased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation
Abative effect
Helps other persons to achieve their outcomes with the implementation of procedures validated by ABA researchers to make a difference in people’s lives
ABA Practice
Its presentation evokes behavior that terminates it
Aversive stimulus
The implementation of basic principles to change behaviors of significance to clients. Which dimension of ABA?
Applied
Operant behavior reinforced through the mediation of other persons
Verbal behavior
These explain behavior by referring to hypothetical constructs from a dimension that is inferred to be inside the organism
Mentalistic explanations
Name the seven dimensions of ABA
Applied, Behavioral, Analytic, Technological, Conceptually Systematic, Effective, Generality
A restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring that the response occur within a specified time limit following the interval to be eligible for reinforcement
Limited Hold
A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered
Chained schedule
Painful stimulation may also evoke ______
Aggression
Term used by E.A. Vargas instead of “speaker”
Verbalizer
Name 5 elementary verbal operants
Tact, mand, duplic, codic, intraverbal
Past and current behavior is explained as a function of environmental contingencies
Environmental explanations
Mentalistic or teleological explanations
Explanatory fictions
Establishing and abolishing operations are _____ effects
Value-altering
Matching law is related to _________ schedules of reinforcement
Concurrent (two different schedules for two different responses)
Motivating operations that alter the effectiveness of reinforcers as a result of the individual organism’s learning history
Conditioned motivating operations
May elicit smooth muscle and gland responses
Aversive or appetitive stimulus
Duplic which has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity to the written verbal stimulus
Copying a text
List four methodologies of EAB
Direct, repeated measurement of behavior
Rate of response as the basic datum
Visual inference (graphing)
Within-subject comparisons
The listener discriminates what the speaker is “saying” based on the topography of the verbal behavior
Topography-based verbal behavior
The imitation of a physical movement that is also a non-vocal verbal unit
Mimetic
The differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behavior
Shaping
Name five deprivation/satiation unconditioned motivating operations
Food, water, sleep, activity, oxygen
Behavior under the antecedent control of a mand to comply
Receptive language
Schedule of reinforcement that produces a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement which is followed by a burst of responding. Pauses tend to be longer the thinner the schedule.
Fixed Ratio schedule
Cover various functions of stimuli; used to categorize stimuli that have multiple functions
Omnibus terms
Composed of listeners who belong to a trained verbal community
Audience
The design, implementation, and evaluation of systematic environmental modifications to produce socially significant improvements in human behavior
ABA
A behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules
Ratio strain
An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation.
Behavior-altering effect
Schedule of reinforcement that produces high and steady rates of responding
Variable Ratio schedule
Procedures are linked to, and described in terms of, the basic principles of behavior. Which dimension of ABA?
Conceptually systematic
The individual emitting the verbal response
Speaker
A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event
Abolishing operation
Verbal operant under the antecedent control of a non-verbal stimulus
Tact
Verbal operant under the antecedent control of an establishing operation
Mand
An antecedent condition, operation, or stimulus that alters the effectiveness of a consequence and has a momentary effect on a dimension of behavior
Motivating operation
The likelihood that if the consequence occurs now it will be effective as reinforcement or punishment for the behavior
Value
Summary labels of behavior (such as traits, states, attitudes, diagnostic categories) and other hypothetical constructs are used to explain behavior
Mentalisms
A higher-order operant response class that is under the control of verbal antecedent stimuli
Rule-governed behavior
A preferred stimulus is delivered at a point in time without a response requirement
Time-based schedules
Alter the evocative or abative effect of other antecedent stimuli
Function-altering effects of rules
Applied research that applies the basic principles derived from EAB to solve problems of social significance
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
Opposite of stimulus generalization
Discrimination
Consists of two or more alternating schedules of reinforcement, each associated with a different stimulus
Multiple schedules
The basic foundation for our conceptual analyses and permeates all the branches
Radical behaviorism
The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement
Matching Law
“reinforcement by relief”
Negative reinforcement
The number of responses, or amount of time, remains the same
Fixed
Uses future events to explain behaviors
Teleological explanations
A conditioned reinforcer is produced by completion of the response requirements for that component schedule in the chain
Chained schedule
“Scalloped” schedule of reinforcement
Fixed Interval schedule
Increase the effectiveness (value) of a consequence (reinforcer or punisher)
Establishing operation
Decrease the effectiveness of a consequence
Abolishing operation
An abolishing operation whose value-altering effect is of ontogenic provenance
Conditioned abolishing operation (CAO)
The individual the speaker interacts with
Listener
Name 3 types of duplic
Echoics (verbal imitation, repeating), Copying a text, Mimetics (motor imitation)
Its onset strengthens behavior that precedes onset
Appetitive stimulus
Procedures are completely identified, precisely described and defined. Which dimension of ABA?
Technological
Increases the momentary frequency of a response class
Evocative effect
An accountable discipline in which changes in procedure are data-based. Which dimension of ABA?
Effective
Behavioral contrast is related to ________ schedules of reinforcement
Multiple (two alternating schedules with signaling for the same response)
Skinner’s view of language is classified with respect to:
Function
The contingency for reinforcement is governed by the time elapsed between successive responses
DRH-IRT schedules
An establishing operation whose value-altering effect is of phylogenic provenance
Unconditioned establishing operation (UEO)
It abates behavior that removes it
Appetitive stimulus
Two effects of EOs related to reinforcement
Reinforcer-establishing effect and evocative effect
Directly observed and measured. Which dimension of ABA?
Behavioral
A stimulus which evokes or abates behavior due to a past history of differential reinforcement for that behavior depending on its presence or absence
Discriminative stimulus
Two general effects of motivating operations
Behavior-altering and value-altering effects
Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after a certain amount of time since the previous reinforcement
Interval
Consists of two or more alternating schedules of reinforcement, without different stimuli associated.
Mixed schedules
Basic research; provides the scientific method for studying behavior by using cumulative records, manipulation of variables, and automatic recording
Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)
Two behavior-altering effects of motivating operations
Evoke or abate
The terminal target response is a distinct topography - a different response - than the response that is currently occurring
Shaping across topographies
Seeks to identify functional relations between manipulated environmental events and behavior through systematic and controlled manipulations. Which dimension of ABA?
Analytic
Opposite of discrimination
Stimulus generalization
The contrast between available or unavailable consequences
Differential availability
Another term for induction
Response generalization
Function-altering stimuli which alter the effects of neutral stimuli so that they function as Sds or MOs
Rules
Decrease in the momentary effectiveness of a specific reinforcer or punisher
Abolishing effect
Verbal operant under the antecedent control of verbal stimuli with point-to-point correspondence but without formal similarity
Codic
Some responses are reinforced and some are not; used to maintain already established behavior
Intermittent reinforcement
An abolishing operation whose value-altering effect is of phylogenic provenance
Unconditioned abolishing operation (UAO)
All or none schedule of reinforcement
Fixed Ratio schedule
Verbal operant under the antecedent control of verbal stimuli with point-to-point correspondence and with formal similarity to the response
Duplic
Painful stimulation is always an ____
Establishing operation
Behavior changes achieved should maintain, transfer to other settings and situations, and spread to other behaviors. Which dimension of ABA?
Generality
