BEHP 5012, Units 6-9 Flashcards
Preference assessment in which stimuli are presented in pairs
Paired stimulus preference assessment
List 7 purposes of behavioral assessment:
- determine if a _____ with _____ _____
- describe _____ and the _____
- determine _____ _____ between behavior and the environment
- provide information needed to develop _____ _____
- monitor _____ _____
- evaluate _____ _____
- evaluate _____ and _____
Determine if a problem with behavior exists
Describe behavior and the environment
Determine functional relations between behavior and the environment
Provide information needed to develop behavior plans
Monitor program implementation
Evaluate treatment effectiveness
Evaluate maintenance and generalization
Preference assessment in which all stimuli are available for the entire session. Subject is free to interact with as many or as few stimuli as they want. No stimuli are removed during the assessment.
Free operant preference assessment
Functional assessment is AKA …
Functional behavior assessment (FBA)
An uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the DV
Confound
The first functional analysis research was published by …
Lovaas, 1965
Indirect (informant-based) PA
Interview or questionnaire
Duration based assessment designed to determine the extent to which stimuli displace problem behavior.
Competing stimulus assessment
Descriptive assessment is AKA …
Direct descriptive functional assessment
Concluding that the IV has not produced a change in the DV when in fact it has
Type II error
FA design in which one condition is run at a time; less common because of amount of time required
Reversal design
Preference assessment in which all stimuli are presented on the first trial, and selected stimuli are removed on subsequent trials.
Multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO)
Treatment phase is divided into subphases, each involving a different behavioral criterion (i.e., different value of the IV). Criterion in each subphase more closely resembles the terminal behavioral goal.
Changing Criterion Design
Systematically withdrawing treatment components to see if behavior change is maintained
Component analyses / sequential withdrawal
The effects on a person’s behavior in one condition can be influenced by the subject’s experience in a prior condition
Sequence effects
Used to clarify unclear selection-based preference assessment results
Duration-based assessments
List 3 indirect assessment methods:
Record review
Interview
Paper-and-pencil questionnaires
The “standard” FA was designed by …
Iwata et al. 1982
How much effort is needed for reinforcement to be earned (compared to other behavior which might earn the same thing)
Efficiency of behavior
Name 2 basic features of FA:
Direct observation
Measurement of behavior under test and control conditions
Functional analysis is AKA …
Experimental analysis
List 4 steps during an interview:
Ask open-ended questions
Ask follow-up questions
Acknowledge responses
Write notes or use recorder
This preference assessment identifies the greatest quantity of possible reinforcers
Single stimulus PA
Naturalistic direct observation PA
Observation of daily activities (relies on Premack principle)
Concluding that the IV has produced a change in the DV when in fact the relation does not exist
Type I error
A type of behavioral assessment used to determine functional relations between challenging behavior and environmental events
Functional assessment
A study by Worsdell et al., 2000 determined that _____ was necessary to consistently evoke problem behavior during FA.
a contingency (consequence manipulation)
This preference assessment is most effective for identifying one highly preferred stimulus
Multiple Stimulus With Replacement (MSW)
This preference assessment results in a clear preference hierarchy
MSWO
List 3 general ways to conduct preference assessments
Indirect (informant-based)
Naturalistic, direct observation
Reinforcer sampling (empirical)
List 5 direct assessment methods:
Narrative recording ABC data collection Measuring dimensional and dimensionless quantities of behavior Scatterplots Observation of permanent products
FA
Functional Analysis
A systematic gathering of information in order to make data-based decisions, regarding behavior and the environment
Behavioral assessment
Systematic manipulations of environmental events and observation of target behavior in a controlled setting
Functional analysis
List 3 design considerations of the Changing Criterion Design
Length of phases
Magnitude of criterion changes
Number of criterion changes
Assessment in which one task is available during all phases. There are no programmed consequences for task completion during BL. During the reinforcement phase the stimulus is delivered contingent on task completion.
Single operant reinforcer assessment
FA design in which one test condition is alternated with control - fairly common, more efficient than reversal, may assist in discriminability of conditions
Pairwise design
This design does not require stable baseline data:
Alternating Treatments / Multielement
Changing criterion to a previous subphase value and observing that behavior reverts to that criterion to bolster demonstration of experimental control
Bi-directional Change
A systematic presentation and examination of information or data regarding target behavior and its stimulus conditions in an ABC format
Sequence analysis
Observer produces a written narrative of an individual’s responses throughout a specific period of time and a description of the environmental conditions under which the responses were emitted
Narrative recording
Conducted following a preference assessment to determine if the stimulus is a reinforcer
Reinforcer assessment
At the beginning of the interview …
Build rapport and informally observe behavior, environment, and appearance of persons
Examination of the acceptability or viability of a programmed intervention
Social validity
Direct observation of behavior and environmental events in real-life contexts
Descriptive assessment
Preliminary indirect assessment includes …
Interviews and rating scales
Multiple test conditions elevated relative to the control
Multiple control
These tools allow identification of some idiosyncratic antecedents and consequences
Narrative recording and ABC charting
FA design with rapid alteration between conditions
Multielement design
This preference assessment method may be prone to “false positives”
Single stimulus
FBA
Functional Behavior Assessment
Assessment in which two identical tasks are available. There are no programmed consequences for task completion during BL. If there is an increase in task completion from BL to the Sr phase, the stimulus is a reinforcer.
Concurrent operant reinforcer assessment
The terms “functional analysis” and “functional relation” were introduced by …
Skinner
Methods for identifying an individual’s preferences for tangible items or activities
Preference assessment (PA)
Assess reinforcer effectiveness as the response requirement increases
Progressive ratio (PR) schedules
A-B functional analysis was designed by…
Carr & Durand, 1985
Reinforcer sampling PA
Systematic preference assessment
Any formal method used to identify sources of reinforcement that maintain problem behaviors
Functional assessment
This preference assessment is best for identifying which stimuli are likely to be the most powerful reinforcers
Paired stimulus PA
Independent variables are implemented as dictated by the research or treatment plan
Procedural integrity
Examining information regarding current and past behavioral repertoire, environmental factors, and/or medical history
Records review
Consist of questions to ask within pre-selected topics
Behavioral interviews
Preference assessment in which all stimuli are presented on every trial
Multiple stimulus with replacement (MSW)
The systematic examination of the effects of a range of values of the IV
Parametric analysis
List 3 types of functional assessments
Indirect assessment (verbal report) Descriptive assessment (naturalistic observation) Functional analysis (experimental manipulation)
A systematic examination and/or presentation of information or data regarding the target behavior and its conditions
Pattern analysis
The likelihood that a problem behavior will occur in a given circumstance
Conditional probability
Steps after an interview
Review notes/recordings
Summarize the findings:
- describe behavior
- identify environmental factors
- identify potential functions
- identify functionally equivalent behavior
Decide whether to continue behavioral assessment
Changing criterion designs can only be used with…
behaviors already in the client’s repertoire
List 4 steps prior to interview:
- select _____
- decide ____ to interview
- decide _____ and _____ to interview
- make an _____
instrument, who, when, where, appointment
Events not related to the IV that may affect the dependent variable
Extraneous variables
These evaluate whether treatment effects are evident before treatment occurs
Probes
Manipulation of antecedent events in natural settings
Structured assessment
An experimental approach to assessment in which behavior is observed repeatedly under well-defined test and control conditions
Functional analysis
List 7 advantages of the Alternating Treatments Design:
- does not require _____ _____
- _____ of comparison
- minimizes _____ _____
- minimizes _____ _____
- can be used with _____ ____
- can be used to assess _____ of _____
- ______ can begin immediately
Does not require treatment withdrawal Speed of comparison Minimizes irreversibility problems Minimizes sequence effects Can be used with unstable data Can be used to assess generalization of effects Intervention can begin immediately
Tests a specific hypothesis about the controlling variables for a problem behavior
Functional analysis methodology
Change in an IV that produces orderly and predictable change in a DV
Functional relation
List 9 goals of the Functional Assessment Interview:
Identify, define and describe:
- behaviors
- potential ecological events
- events that predict occurrence of behaviors
- potential function of behaviors
- efficiency of behaviors
- functionally equivalent alternative behaviors
- communication methods
- potential reinforcers
- history of target behaviors and treatment
List 4 descriptive assessment procedures:
Scatterplot analysis
Narrative recording
ABC data collection
Data collection of target behavior under different contexts/conditions
List 3 components of a functional assessment:
Preliminary indirect assessment
Direct descriptive assessment
Functional analysis (systematic manipulations)
A data collection form for problem behavior and the intervals of time behavior occurred. It provides a graphic display of data in a grid format. It is used to identify patterns of responding in natural settings.
Scatterplot
