Behavioral Science

Question 1

Phase I vs. Phase 2 trial

Answer 1

Phase 1: small number of healthy volunteers (safety, toxicity, PK)
Phase 2: small number of patients (efficacy, dosing, AE)

Question 2

Which values vary with prevalence & pre-test probability: S/S or PPV/NPV?

Answer 2

PPV and NPV

Question 3

Formula for number needed to treat

Answer 3

1/Absolute risk reduction

Question 4

Formula for number needed to harm

Answer 4

1/Attributable risk

Question 5

Reliability vs. Validity // Accuracy vs. Precision

Answer 5

Accuracy = validity
Precision = reliability

Question 6

Systematic error reduces accuracy/precision?

Answer 6

Accuracy

Question 7

Random error reduces accuracy/precision?

Answer 7

Precision

Question 8

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 8

Occurs when the group being studied changes its behavior owing to the knowledge of being studied

Question 9

Type 1 error vs. Type 2 error

Answer 9

Type 1 error = False positive error

Type 2 error = False negative error

Question 10

How do you define power?

Answer 10

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact false; or the likelihood of finding a difference when one exists.

Question 11

Power is increased with…

Answer 11

Sample size, expected effect size, precision of measurement