Behavioral - Minor Models Flashcards
What is Exposure Therapy – a Behavioral technique?
Gradually & repeatedly approaching a feared (but relatively safe) stimulus in such a way that distress decreases over time.
◦ In vivo exposure – situations, places, & people
◦ Imaginal exposure – traumatic memory
This technique helps life becomes less restricted for clients. They gain a sense of mastery and competence.
Why is Exposure therapy a Behavioral technique?
It is based on ideas from classical conditioning
It uses systematic desensitization to desensitize clients to anxiety provoking situations
What is Systematic Desensitization?
Gradually approaching anxiety-related situations and anxiety/ trauma filled memories, to process the stressful, feared, or traumatic event.
It differentiates memory from trauma/fear; the gradual approach helps clients understand that memories are not dangerous. Habituation leads to extinction of the anxiety response.
What are Subjective Units of Distress?
A scale from 0 to 100 clients use to rate the level of their anxious distress:
- 100 - The most anxiety/distress you have ever felt
- 90 - Extremely distressed
- 80 - Very anxious/distressed; can’t concentrate. Physiological signs present.
- 70 - Distress interfering with functioning. Physiological signs may be present.
- 60 - Moderate to strong distress
- 50 - Moderate distress: uncomfortable but can function
- 40 - Mild-to-moderate
- 30 - Mild; no interference w/function
- 20 - Minimal distress
- 10 - Alert, awake, concentrating well
- 0 - No distress
What are other ways of evaluation Subjective Units of Distress?
- Under 5: You feel distress but can still cope with the situation
- 5 - 6.5: You feel a moderate amount of distress that is becoming difficult to cope with. You might be distracted by
anxiety, or behaving in ways to avoid anxiety, but are still attending to what is happening - 6.5 - 8.5: You feel a high level of distress that is difficult to cope with. You’re more concerned with your anxiety and
how to escape, and less able to concentrate on what’s happening around you. - 8.5 - 10: You feel a severe to extreme level of distress and you think you cannot cope. Your body response is so
overwhelming that you can’t possibly stay in the situation any longer.
What is Parent Skills Training also known as?
Behavioral Parent Training
Who developed Parent Skills Training?
Gerald Patterson
What is the goal of Behavioral Parent Training, aka Parent Skills Training?
To decrease symptomatic behavior and increase preferred behavior in children, by equipping parents with skills to solve their own problems in the future.
What are techniques in Parent Skills Training, aka Behavioral Parent Training?
- Time out
- Behavioral contracting
- Home Token Economies
- Shaping
- Contingency Contracting
- Punishment
What is Behavioral contracting, in Parent Skills Training?
Signing written contracts for specified behaviors
What is a Time out, in Parent Skills Training?
Used to extinguish behavior by removing child from the situation in which behavior could be reinforced
What are Home Token Economies, in Parent Skills Training?
A child is given tokens/points for desired behavior, and fined for undesired behavior. Tokens can be exchanged later for specified reinforcers
What is Shaping, in Parent Skills Training?
Behavior is reinforced in steps for successive approximations to target behavior (example: toilet training)
What is Contingency Contracting in Parent Skills Training?
Communicating and negotiating preferences for behavior
Who developed Behavioral Couples Therapy?
Robert Liberman
Richard Stuart
How is a contract used in Behavioral Couples Therapy?
Couples write contracts listing behavioral changes they desire from each other,
frequencies of behavior, and exchanges for behavior
What skills are taught in Behavioral Couples Therapy?
- Teaching couples to speak in clear behavioral terms rather than complaining
- Positive behavioral processes
- Improving communication
- Teaching methods to distribute power and make decisions equitably
- Teaching problem-solving skills
Who developed Functional Family Therapy?
James Alexander
What approaches does Functional Family Therapy integrate?
- Systems theory
- Behaviorism
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
What is the goal of Functional Family Therapy?
To provide new behavior patterns to meet individual functions of each family member
What are the two steps of Functional Family Therapy?
- Identify interactional sequences embedded and the function (e.g., regulates distance or closeness) that the sequence serves
- Identify cognitions (beliefs, thoughts, attitudes) that family members have about the problem, themselves, and one another
Who developed Cognitive Family Therapy?
Aaron Beck (1970s). He also developed CBT.
What is the assumption underpinning Cognitive Family Therapy?
Individuals hold a set of conscious and unconscious core beliefs (schema) about themselves and families through which they
interpret and evaluate each other’s behavior.
What is the goal of Cognitive Family Therapy?
To examine and correct distorted
cognitions
