Behavioral - CBT Flashcards
What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
A form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings, somatics, and behaviors
What are assumptions in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
- Thoughts, feelings, somatics, and behaviors all affect one another
- Cognitive inferences evoke emotion & behavior, and v/v
- If people can modify the patterns of thinking that lead them to self-destructive actions (and the beliefs that direct these thoughts), that will help them cope better
- Linear Causality: Behavioral problems are caused by dysfunctional patterns reinforced between family members
- Circular causality: cause & effect goes in both directions
- Situations don’t cause distress: It is how people interpret, make sense of, and react to situations that causes it
- Modernism worldview: Patterns are universally true for all humans
Who developed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
Aaron Beck, 1976
He also developed Cognitive Family Therapy
Other leaders of CBT are:
- Ivan Pavlov
- Watson
- Thorndike
- B.F. Skinner
- Bandura
- Dattilio
What are the elements therapists seek to identify and affect in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
Problems can be alleviated by changing thinking patterns 4 key elements of psychological distress:
1. Thoughts (maladaptive automatic thoughts/core beliefs)
2. Feelings (emotions)
3. Physical sensations
4. Behavior
All of these elements are related; change in one element can produce change in another (systems!)
◦ Negative changes can create “vicious cycles”
What are Core Beliefs in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
◦ Deepest level of cognition
◦ Global and absolute beliefs, not a specific about a situation or event
◦ Global ex: “Everyone hates me” vs. “Joe hates me”
◦ Absolute ex: “I am a bad person” vs. “If I don’t get along with everyone, I am
a bad person.”
◦ Can be about one’s self, others, or the world
◦ Often originated from childhood experiences
◦ (+) experiences lead to (+) core beliefs & (-) experiences lead to (-) core beliefs
◦ May be latent
◦ Triggered only by specific events
What are interventions in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
- Cognitive interventions, like
– Socratic questions aimed to surface distorted assumptions
– Downward Arrow technique - Behavioral interventions, like
– Behavioral assignments - Psychoeducation
– About the model
– Parent training
– Communication skill building - Self-soothing interventions
What is the Longitudinal Formation in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
- Early experiences lead to…
- Core Beliefs/Assumptions; lead to…
- Critical Incidents (or, they follow); lead to…
- Activation of core beliefs/ assumptions, lead to…
- Negative Automatic Thoughts, which affect…
- Thoughts, feelings, somatics, behaviors
This is how DEPRESSION happens
What are the goals of treatment in CBT?
Break vicious cycles by creating positive changes in one or more elements of the psychological
distress
◦ Diminish problem behaviors and increase positive behaviors
◦ Increase the rate of rewarding interactions
◦ Decrease the rate of coercion and aversive control
In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, how are Goals & Interventions paired with the 4 elements of psychological distress?
- Cognitive interventions produce changes in thoughts and beliefs
- Behavioral interventions change behaviors
- Self-soothing interventions change physical feelings
- Emotions are indirectly affected by all types of interventions
What is the Downward Arrow Technique in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
Using questions to draw out core beliefs (and intermediate-level beliefs) from the NAT:
◦ What’s so bad about that?
◦ What does this mean about you?
◦ What would be so difficult about that?
◦ What does that mean about other people?
◦ What does this mean about the world?
What is a schema in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
A schema is a core belief about the world that helps us frame & organize information. A schema is a pattern of thinking and behavior that people use to interpret the world.
Schemas allow us to take shortcuts in interpreting the vast amount of information that is available in our environment.
What are example of cognitions in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
- Selective attention
- Perception
- Memories
- Self-talk
- Beliefs
- Expectations
- Attributions: explanations for motivations behind behaviors
- Generalizations
- Logical fallacies
- Distorted thoughts
What is the role of the therapist in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
- Asking questions to draw out assumptions, cognitions and thoughts, rather than challenging directly
- Teaching the family that emotional problems are caused by unrealistic beliefs
How is assessment done in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
- Assess cognitions for distorted thoughts, logical fallacies, thought processes
- Assess core beliefs
- Look for behavioral clues: antecedents, consequences
When does termination happen in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
When therapist and client determine together
