BB Basics 2

Question 1

Antigen antibody type of reaction and what is binding

Answer 1

Lock and Key mechanism. Antibody binds to an epitope on immunogen

Question 2

Affinity

Answer 2

Strength of a single antibody-antigen bond determined by the sum of attractive and repulsive forces

Question 3

Avidity

Answer 3

Binding strength of a multivalent antigen with antibody. Measure of functional affinity

Question 4

What needs to happen in order for chimerism to occur

Answer 4

Twins must be dizogotic, share an amniotic sac and a blood vessel

Question 5

What does an EDTA tube chelate

Answer 5

Ca++

Question 6

What happens in a clot tube

Answer 6

Ca++ is free and the complement cascade can still be active

Question 7

Antibody excess zone

Answer 7

Prozone - leads to false negatives

Question 8

Antigen excess

Answer 8

Postzone - can lead to false negatives

Question 9

The right antigen antibody concentration zone

Answer 9

Zone of equivalence

Question 10

What does centrifugation do

Answer 10

Brings reactants closer together to overcome zeta potential. Also decreases reaction time

Question 11

Zeta potential theory

Answer 11

Difference in charge of an ionic cloud that surrounds an RBC causes cells to stay apart or repel

Question 12

Ideal pH for ag-ab reaction

Answer 12

6.5-7.5

Question 13

Antibodies that like to react at pH lower than 6.5

Answer 13

M and Pr

Question 14

Ideal reaction temperature for IgM

Answer 14

22C or below

Question 15

Ideal reaction temperature for IgG

Answer 15

37 and AHG

Question 16

Number of IgM binding sites and how much more efficient it is at agglutinating

Answer 16

10 sites. 750 times more efficient

Question 17

Ideal time to read a reaction (curve)

Answer 17

During the high association low dissociation log phase

Question 18

Steps in agglutination

Answer 18

Sensitization-> Lattice formation-> Agglutination.
In IgM the first 2 can happen at the same time

Question 19

Steps in agglutination when adding IgG

Answer 19

Sensitization->Opsonization->AHG->Lattice formation

Question 20

How are polyclonal vs monoclonal reagents made

Answer 20

Polyclonal - animals injected
Monoclonal - hybridoma cells

Question 21

Hybridoma cell

Answer 21

Cancer cell that continues to replicate, allows plasma cell to survive a long time

Question 22

How does AHG work

Answer 22

Fab region of AHG binds to Fc region of already bound IgG

Question 23

What does a DAT detect

Answer 23

In-vivo coating of RBCs

Question 24

What type of tube should be used for a DAT

Answer 24

EDTA. Clot tubes may give a false positive C3 result

Question 25

What must a sample include to be acceptable

Answer 25

Full first and last name and at least 1 unique identifier (DOB, MRN, armband)

Question 26

How long is a babies sample good for

Answer 26

4 months as long as baby is not discharged

Question 27

Why are XM performed at IS

Answer 27

To detect ABO incompatibility

Question 28

Why are XM performed at 37 and AHG

Answer 28

37 is for transitioning IgM to IgG antibodies
AHG is for IgG compatibility

Question 29

Antigen enhanced by enzymes

Answer 29

ABO, I, Lewis, Rh, P, Kidd

Question 30

Antigens resistant to enzymes

Answer 30

Kell, Lutheran, s, U

Question 31

Antigens sensitive to enzymes

Answer 31

Fy, MN, S

Question 32

Antigen destroyed by DTT

Answer 32

Kell, Lutheran, CD38, Knops, LW

Question 33

Sulfhydryl reagents

Answer 33

DTT, 2-ME, AET, ZZAP, WARM, EGA, chloroquine

Question 34

Neutralization for Lewis

Answer 34

Saliva

Question 35

Neutralization for P or P1

Answer 35

Pigeon egg whites or liver flukes

Question 36

Neutralization for Sda

Answer 36

Urine

Question 37

Neutralization for Ch/Rg

Answer 37

Fresh plasma