Basic Pharm

Question 1

Michaelis-Menten kinetics basics

Answer 1

[S] on X axis and V on Y axis

Question 2

What is Km

Answer 2

it’s the substrate concentration needed to get 1/2Vmax

Question 3

Vmax is directly proportional to

Answer 3

Directly proportional to the enzyme concentration

Question 4

Lineweaver-Burk plot basics

Answer 4

1/[S] on the X axis and 1/[V] on the Y axis.
1/Vmax is the Y intercept so doesn’t change for competitive inhibitors.
Smaller Km makes the X intercept more negative
The shallower the slope, the higher V

Question 5

What drugs have zero-order elimination?

Answer 5

Phenytoin, Ethanol, Aspirin [PEA is shaped like a 0]

Question 6

What drugs are weak acids and how to eliminate quicker

Answer 6

Phenobarb, MTX, aspirin.

Trap in urine with bicarb to ionize

Question 7

What drug is a weak base and how to eliminate quicker

Answer 7

Amphetamines: give ammonium chloride to ionize and trap in urine

Question 8

Phase I drug metabolism

Answer 8

Cytochrome P-450 redox and hydrolysis for slightly polar metabolites.

Question 9

Phase II drug metabolism

Answer 9

Conjugation (GAS: glucuronidation, acetylation, sulfation): makes very polar inactive metabolites that are renally excreted

Question 10

What phase of drug metabolism do Geriatric patients lose first?

Answer 10

Phase I, they have intact Phase II

Question 11

flumazenil MOA

Answer 11

competitive antagonist at GABA-R

Question 12

ketamine MOA

Answer 12

noncompetitive antagonist on NMDA-R

Question 13

phenoxybenzamine MOA

Answer 13

irreversible competitive antagonist on alpha receptors

Question 14

buprenorphine MOA

Answer 14

partial agonist at opioid mu-receptors

Question 15

Therapeutic index

Answer 15

TD50/ED50

Question 16

What NT and receptor for all preganglionic nerve

Answer 16

Every preganglionic neuron in the spinal cord releases ACh onto Nicotinic receptors.

Question 17

Innervation of sweat glands

Answer 17

Sympathetic ACh on M receptors

Question 18

Innervation of renal vasculature, smooth muscle

Answer 18

D on D1 receptors

Question 19

Innervation of parasympathetic cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, and nerve terminals

Answer 19

ACh on M receptors

Sympathetic is NE on alpha, beta receptors

Question 20

Botulinum toxin basic MOA

Answer 20

prevents release of NT at all cholinergic terminals

Question 21

Difference between nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors

Answer 21

N: ligand-gated Na/K channels (Nm on NMJs, Nn on autonomic ganglia)
M: G-protein coupled receptors (M1-M5)