Basic First Aid Fundamentals

Question 0

3 methods of controlling bleeding

Answer 0

Direct pressure, elevation, and indirect pressure (pressure points). Use a tourniquet as a last resort.

Question 1

3 objectives of first aid.

Answer 1

Save lives, prevent further injury and prevent infection.

Question 2

How many principle points are on each side of the body?

Answer 2

11

22 in the body total

Question 3

Temple principle point

Answer 3

Superficial temporal artery

Question 4

Jaw principle point

Answer 4

Facial artery

Question 5

Neck principle point

Answer 5

Common carotid artery

Question 6

Collar bone principle point

Answer 6

Subclavian artery

Question 7

Inner upper arm principle point

Answer 7

Brachial artery

Question 8

Inner elbow principle point

Answer 8

Brachial artery

Question 9

Wrist principle point

Answer 9

Radial/ulnar artery

Question 10

Groin principle point

Answer 10

Iliac artery

Question 11

Upper thigh principle point

Answer 11

Femoral artery

Question 12

Knee principle point

Answer 12

Popliteal artery

Question 13

Ankle principle point

Answer 13

Anterior/posterior tibial artery

Question 14

Symptoms of shock

Answer 14

Vacant eyes
Shallow or irregular breathing 
Cold and pale skin
Nausea
Weak or absent pulse

Question 15

Treatment of shock

Answer 15

Lay victim down
Elevate feet 6-12in
Cover them to maintain heat
Reassure and calm

Question 16

First degree burn

Answer 16

Mild, redness, increased warmth, tender.

Question 17

Second degree burn

Answer 17

Red and blistered skin. Severe pain

Question 18

Third degree burn

Answer 18

Destroyed tissue, skin or bone. Severe pain may be absent due to destroyed nerve endings.

Question 19

Heat exhaustion symptoms

Answer 19

Skin is cool, moist and clammy.
Pupils are dilated
Normal or subnormal body temperature.
Usually sweating profusely

Question 20

Heat exhaustion treatment

Answer 20

Move victim to a cool area
Loosen clothing
Apply cool wet cloths to head, groin, ankles
Fan victim
1 tsp salt:1 liter cool water

Question 21

Heat stroke symptoms

Answer 21

Breakdown of the sweating mechanism of the body.

Question 22

Heat stroke treatment

Answer 22

Reduce heat by dousing in cold water
Cold packs to the shoulders, neck, ankles and groin
Move to cool area
Maintain open airways
Place on back with shoulders raised slightly
Fan victim

Question 23

Difference between and open and closed fracture

Answer 23

Open, compound, fracture consists of an open wound and bone may be protruding.

Closed, simple, fracture is an internal broken bone only.

Question 24

What not to do in an electric shock rescue

Answer 24

Do not touch the victims body, wire or any object that may be conducting electricity.

Question 25

What to do in an electric shock rescue

Answer 25

Turn off or remove (with a non conductive object) the source of electricity.

Administer artificial ventilation immediately.

Check pulse. Conduct CPR if needed.

Question 26

Describe methods of clearing an obstructed airway.

Answer 26

Clear the mouth of food, foreign objects, loose dentures.

Stand behind, arms around waist, thumb side of fist against abdomen. Give 4 upwards thrusts.
OR
Straddle victim at hips, place hands one on top of the other, between breastbone and naval. Give 4 upward thrusts.

Question 27

Symptoms of hypothermia

Answer 27

Pale and unconscious
Slow shallow breathing
Pulse faint
Body tissue is rigid
Limbs are stiff

Question 28

Treatment for hypothermia

Answer 28

Bring body temp back to normal.
Wrap in warm blankets
Do NOT give hot drinks or stimulants till conscious.

Question 29

Symptoms of superficial frostbite

Treatment

Answer 29

Ice crystals form in the upper skin layer.

Slowly re-warm the affected area.

Question 30

Symptoms of deep frostbite

Answer 30

Ice crystals form in the deep tissues.

Question 31

Treatment for deep frostbite

Answer 31

Re-warm with warm water or hot water bottles.
Place them in armpits, abdomen, or between legs of a buddy.
Never rub the area.