Basic First Aid Fundamentals Flashcards
3 methods of controlling bleeding
Direct pressure, elevation, and indirect pressure (pressure points). Use a tourniquet as a last resort.
3 objectives of first aid.
Save lives, prevent further injury and prevent infection.
How many principle points are on each side of the body?
11
22 in the body total
Temple principle point
Superficial temporal artery
Jaw principle point
Facial artery
Neck principle point
Common carotid artery
Collar bone principle point
Subclavian artery
Inner upper arm principle point
Brachial artery
Inner elbow principle point
Brachial artery
Wrist principle point
Radial/ulnar artery
Groin principle point
Iliac artery
Upper thigh principle point
Femoral artery
Knee principle point
Popliteal artery
Ankle principle point
Anterior/posterior tibial artery
Symptoms of shock
Vacant eyes Shallow or irregular breathing Cold and pale skin Nausea Weak or absent pulse
Treatment of shock
Lay victim down
Elevate feet 6-12in
Cover them to maintain heat
Reassure and calm
First degree burn
Mild, redness, increased warmth, tender.
Second degree burn
Red and blistered skin. Severe pain
Third degree burn
Destroyed tissue, skin or bone. Severe pain may be absent due to destroyed nerve endings.
Heat exhaustion symptoms
Skin is cool, moist and clammy.
Pupils are dilated
Normal or subnormal body temperature.
Usually sweating profusely
Heat exhaustion treatment
Move victim to a cool area Loosen clothing Apply cool wet cloths to head, groin, ankles Fan victim 1 tsp salt:1 liter cool water
Heat stroke symptoms
Breakdown of the sweating mechanism of the body.
Heat stroke treatment
Reduce heat by dousing in cold water
Cold packs to the shoulders, neck, ankles and groin
Move to cool area
Maintain open airways
Place on back with shoulders raised slightly
Fan victim
Difference between and open and closed fracture
Open, compound, fracture consists of an open wound and bone may be protruding.
Closed, simple, fracture is an internal broken bone only.
What not to do in an electric shock rescue
Do not touch the victims body, wire or any object that may be conducting electricity.
What to do in an electric shock rescue
Turn off or remove (with a non conductive object) the source of electricity.
Administer artificial ventilation immediately.
Check pulse. Conduct CPR if needed.
Describe methods of clearing an obstructed airway.
Clear the mouth of food, foreign objects, loose dentures.
Stand behind, arms around waist, thumb side of fist against abdomen. Give 4 upwards thrusts.
OR
Straddle victim at hips, place hands one on top of the other, between breastbone and naval. Give 4 upward thrusts.
Symptoms of hypothermia
Pale and unconscious Slow shallow breathing Pulse faint Body tissue is rigid Limbs are stiff
Treatment for hypothermia
Bring body temp back to normal.
Wrap in warm blankets
Do NOT give hot drinks or stimulants till conscious.
Symptoms of superficial frostbite
Treatment
Ice crystals form in the upper skin layer.
Slowly re-warm the affected area.
Symptoms of deep frostbite
Ice crystals form in the deep tissues.
Treatment for deep frostbite
Re-warm with warm water or hot water bottles.
Place them in armpits, abdomen, or between legs of a buddy.
Never rub the area.
