Basic concepts

Question 1

Blood pressure

Answer 1

Systolic 120 or less is normal and diastolic is 80 or less is normal. Units mm/Hg. Systolic is how much pressure your blood is pushing against your arterial walls when the heart beats, Diastolic is how much pressure the blood is pushing against your arterial walls when the heart is resting between beats

Question 2

What type of chemical structure are A and B antigens in the plasma comprised of?

Answer 2

Glycoproteins is most common and then glycosphingolipids

Question 3

How many more antigens are present on the surface of A1 cells in comparison with A2

Answer 3

20x more

Question 4

Linkage of A and B terminal sugars

Answer 4

Both are Alpha 1-3 Linkage to subterminal galactose of h

Question 5

Linkage of H

Answer 5

Alpha 1,2 linkage of a fucose group

Question 6

UDP

Answer 6

uridine diphosphate an important factor in glycogenesis

Question 7

CisA,B phenotype

Answer 7

chimeric enzyme with a mix of A and B specific amino aids at or nearby those a.a. positions

Question 8

genetic basis of A2

Answer 8

Nucleotide deletion and frameshift resulting in enzyme with 21 additional a.a. at C terminus

Question 9

2 most common O blood types genotype mutations

Answer 9

(ABOO.01.01) and ABOO.01.02 (O 1 variant)

Question 10

Anti-A1 why it doesn’t detect A2 cells

Answer 10

It’s diluted to a level that it shouldn’t detect the A2 due to the number of antigens that are on the red cell

Question 11

Murine monoclonal antibodies

Answer 11

Short half-life, obtained by hybridoma technology dissimilarity between murine and human immune system. (Murine=rodent, mouse)

Question 12

How make coagulation factors through recombination

Answer 12

Turn animal cells into “factories” making human clotting factor proteins. Human genes are placed in animal cells and produces factor. Albumin can be added as stabilizing agent

Question 13

Plasminogen

Answer 13

this is the inactive form of plasmin, produced in liver. Plasminogen is bound up within the clot, when activation occurs it breaks down the fibrin mesh. Fibrin degradation products compete with thrombin and slow down conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Question 14

TPA

Answer 14

tissue plasminogen activator. This and urokinase converts plasminogen to active form plasmin. TPA is release slowly into blood from damaged blood vessels once bleeding has stopped fibrinolysis can occur.

Question 15

Which is more specific D-Dimer or Thrombin Time

Answer 15

D-Dimer