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Board Review - B - Microbiology > Basic Bacteriology II > Flashcards

Basic Bacteriology II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

obligate intracellular

A

rickettsia
chlamydia
coxiella

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2
Q

facultative intracellular

A 
salmonella
neisseria
brucella
mycobacterium
listeria
franscisella
legionella
yersinia pestis
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3
Q

encapsulated bacteria

A 
strep pneumo
h. flu type B
neisseria meningitidis
E. coli
salmonella
klebsiella pneumonia
group B strep

anti-phagocytic virulence factor
-opsonized and cleared by spleen

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4
Q

asplenic patient

A

need to vaccinate - strep pneumo, h. flu, neisseria meningitidis

cannot opsonize and clear encapsulated bacteria

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5
Q

vaccines to asplenic patient

A

pneumovax - PCV and PPSV
h. flu type B - conjugate vac
meningococcal vaccine - conjugate vac

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6
Q

urease positive organisms

A 
cryptococcus
h. pylori
proteus
ureaplasma
nocardia
klebsiella
staph epidermidis
staph saprophyticus
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7
Q

catalase positive organisms

A 
nocardia
pseudomonas
listeria
aspergillus
candida
E. coli
staph
serratia
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8
Q

bacteria form yellow sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

-filaments of bacteria

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9
Q

bacteria form yellow pigment

A

staph aureus - gold

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10
Q

bacteria form blue-green pigment

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

bacteria produce red pigment

A

serratia marcescens

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12
Q

protein A

A

bind Fc region IgG - prevent opsonin and phago

staph aureus

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13
Q

IgA protease

A

to colonize resp tract

strep pneumo
h. flu type B
neisseria

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14
Q

M protein

A

group A strep - prevent phago

molecular mimicry - autoimmunity in rheumatic fever

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15
Q

type III secretion system

A

injectisome aka

needle like appendage - delivery of toxins from gram - to host

pseudomonas, salmonella, shigella, e. coli

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16
Q

exotoxin

A 
secreted from cell
polypeptide
gene in plasmid or bacteriophage
high toxicity
vaccines are toxoids

ex/ tetanus, botulism, diptheria

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17
Q

endotoxin

A 
outer cell membrane gram - bacteria
LPS
genes in bacterial chromsome
low toxicity
induce TNF, IL1, IL6
no vaccines available

ex. meningococcemia - sepsis gram - rods

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18
Q

cornybacterium diptheria exotoxin

A

diptheria toxin
-inactivate EF-2

pharyngitis with pseudomonas in throat and severe lymphadenopathy - bull neck

19
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin

A

exotoxin A
-inactivate EF-2

host cell death

20
Q

shigella exotoxin

A

shigella toxin (ST)

inactivate 60S ribosome - remove adenine from rRNA

GI mucosa damage - dysentery

enhanced cytokine release - HUS

21
Q

EHEC exotoxin

A

shiga-like toxin (SLT)

inactivate 60S ribosome - remove adenine from rRNA

cytokine release > HUS (prototype O157:H7)

does not invade host cells

22
Q

ETEC exotoxin

A

heat-labile - activate adenylate cyclase (cAMP)

  • increased cAMP
  • increased Cl secretion and H2O efflux
  • watery diarrhea

heat-stabile - activate guanylate cyclase (cGMP)

  • increased cGMP
  • decreased reabsorption NaCl and H2O
  • watery diarrhea
23
Q

heat labile vs. heat stabile toxin

A

both exotoxin from ETEC

  • heat-labile - adenylate cyclase - cAMP - Cl
  • heat stabile - guanylate cyclase - cGMP - NaCl
24
Q

bacillus anthracis exotoxin

A

edema toxin

  • mimic adenylate cyclase - increased cAMP
  • edematous border of black eschar in cutaneous anthrax
25
Q

vibrio cholera exotoxin

A

cholera toxin

overactive adenylate cyclase - increased cAMP release

  • permanent activated Gs
  • increased Cl secretion and H2O efflux

rice water diarrhea

26
Q

bordetella pertussis exotoxin

A

pertussis toxin

  • overactive adenylate cyclase - increased cAMP
  • disabling Gi
27
Q

whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

28
Q

clostridium tetani exotoxin

A

tetanospasmin
-cleave SNARE - for NT release via vesicle fusion

prevent release of GABA and glycine (inhibitory)

  • NT from renshaw cells in spinal cord
  • spasticity, risus sardonicus, lockjaw
29
Q

clostridium botulinum exotoxin

A

botulinum toxin
-cleave SNARE - for NT release via vesicle fusion

flaccid paralysis, floppy baby
-toxin prevent stimulatory ACh signals at NMJ

30
Q

exotoxin ADP ribosylating A-B toxin

A

B - binding - to host cell surface receptor - allows endocytosis

A - active component - attaches ADP ribosyl to disrupt host cell proteins

31
Q

clostridium perringes exotoxin

A

alpha toxin
phospholipase - degrades tissue and cell membranes

degrades phospholipids - myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis (double zone on blood agar)

32
Q

strep pyogenes exotoxin

A

streptolysin O

protein - degrade cell membranes

lyses RBCs - contribute to beta-hemolysis

Abs - ASO - diagnosis of rheumatic fever

33
Q

diagnose strep pyogenes

A

ASO titer - antibody to streptolysin O

34
Q

staph aureus and toxic shock exotoxin

A

TSST-1
-superantigen

bind MHC II and TCR - outside of Ag binding site

  • overwhelming release of IL1, IL2, IFN-gamma, TNF-a
  • shock

toxic shock syndrome

35
Q

staph aureus exotoxins

A

TSST-1 - toxic shock syndrome
exfoliative toxin - scalded skin syndrome
enterotoxin - food poisoning

36
Q

strep pyogenes exotoxin

A

exotoin A
-superantigen

bind MHC II and TCR - outside of Ag binding site

  • overwhelming release of IL1, IL2, IFN-gamma, TNF-a
  • shock

can also cause toxic shock syndrome

37
Q

LPS

A

in outer membrane of gram negative bacteria
-lipid A

activate macros - IL1, TNFa, nitric oxide

activate complement - C3a, C5a

activate tissue factor - coag cascade > DIC

38
Q

transformation

A

take up naked DNA from environment

strep pneumo, h flu type B, neisseria

39
Q

conjugation

A

sex pilus on F+ contacts F- bacteria

single strand of plasmid DNA transferred across conjugal bridge

40
Q

high frequency recombination

A

Hfr

F + plasmid - incorporated into bacterial DNA
-replication of incorporated plasmid DNA

41
Q

transposition

A

segment of DNA - excision and reintegration from one location of DNA to plasmid and vice versa

42
Q

vanA

A

vanco resistant enterococcus > staph aureus

transfer of plasmid genetics

43
Q

transduction generalized

A

lytic phage infect bacteria - cleave bacterial DNA
-parts of bacterial DNA into viral capsid

phage then infects another bacterial cell

packaging event

44
Q

transduction specialized

A

lysogenic phage infect bacteria

  • viral DIA into bacterial chromosome
  • phage DNA excised - flanking bacterial genes excised with it
  • DNA packed into phage viral capsid

excision event

Board Review - B - Microbiology (16 decks)

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