BACTE part 2.1 Flashcards
True or false
Micrococci are organisms that metabolizes glucose in the absence of oxygen
False, they are oxidative which utilizes glucose in the presence of oxygen
Which is/are the virulence factor/s of the species of staphylococci
I. Capsule
II. Protein A and M
III. alpha, beta, delta, and gamma toxins
IV. Heat-stable endotoxin
V. PVL
a. all of the above
b. only I
c. I, III, V
d. I, II, III, V
e. I and V
e. I and V
viruenlence factor of staphy. aureus associated with scalded skin syndrome
Exfoliative toxins
other name for Scalded skin syndrome
Ritter disease
True or False
All staph species can ferment mannitol
false, only staph. aureus is the mannitol fermenter
causes “prosthetic heart valve endocarditis”
STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
cause uncomplicated UTI, especially in young females (<100,000 CFU/mL)
STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS
O2 stable; non-immunogenic; lyses RBCs, WBCs, PLTs in
presence of room air (with oxygen)
Streptolysin S
O2 labile; immunogenic; lyses RBCs, WBCs , PLTs in
absence of room air (no oxygen)
Streptolysin O
antiphagocytic; mediated rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
M protein
also known as the Spreading factors because it can
solubilize or destroy connective tissues. It is fast spreading infection
specially in the connective tissues
Hyaluronidase
which lancefield group classification is positive in Hippurate hydrolysis test
only group B, strep agalactiae
True or False
standard zone of inhibition of more than 14mm is considered susceptible in the bacitracin test
False it should be 10mm
end product of hippurate hydrolysis test
Glycine / Benzoic Acid
Neufeld Reaction or Quellung Reaction Test reagent
antiserum for capsule
Gram-negative diplococci resembling “coffee beans” or “kidney beans”
Neisseria species
test that detects the presence of cytochrome-c oxidase used in the
electron transport chain.
Oxidase Test
primary human pathogen; may be found as commensal
inhabitant of upper respiratory tract of carriers.
N. meningitidis
If nickel-based alloy wire or nichrome iron-containing wire loop is used, it can
cause
FALSE POSITIVE RESULT
Virulence factor that facilitates adherence to phagocytic and epithelial cells.
Protein II
True or False
New york city agar and GC LECT agar are not chocolate agar but hemoglobin is still incorporated
True
type of anthrax that has a small dark area appears on the center of the ring and eventually
ulcerates and dries (Eschar). Lesion is sometimes known as “Malignant
Pustule.”
Cutaneous Anthrax
Also called “Woolsorter’s disease” and “Ragpickers disease”
Pulmonary Anthrax
Occurs when the spores are inoculated into a lesion on the intestinal
mucosa following ingestion of spores. Bloody diarrhea may also occur.
Gastrointestinal Anthrax
Heat treatment at ?C for ? minutes or ? for ? minutes is effective for
killing vegetative cells and retaining spores for most Bacillus spp
70C for 30 minutes or 80C for 10 minutes
which bacillus species is motile and is beta hemolytic
bacillus cereus
only b.cereus is positive in lecithinase
true or false
false, all bacillus species are postive
Also known as “Klebs-Loeffler Bacillus”
C. diphtheriae
duration of incubatio for Cystine-tellurite blood agar and Modified Tinsdale agar
48 hrs
only Corynebacteria species that is positive in tween 80
C. jeikeium
Corynebacteria species that has Brown halo
on tinsdale
C. diphtheriae
C. ulcerans
C. pseudotuberculosis
Nitrate Reduction Test reagent
Sulfanilic acid and alpha-naphthylamine
Tests the ability of the organism to hydrolyze urea into ammonia, water,
and carbon dioxide
urease test
A localized skin infection and may resemble streptococcal erysipelas
Erysipeloid
Associated with endocarditis seen in patients who have had valve
replacements.
septicemia
BV is characterized by a malodorous discharge and a vaginal pH
greater than
4.5 ph
clue cells are observed in
bacterial vaginosis
Partially Acid-Fast Aerobic Actinomyces
GoNoRhoTsu
* Gordonia
* Rhodococcus
* Nocardia
* Tsukamurella
Non-Acid-Fast Aerobic Actinomyces
SAND
Streptomyces
* Actinomadura
* Nocardiopsis
* Dermatophilus
Occurs from INHALATION of organism present in dust or soil
* Most common manifestation is BRONCHOPNEUMONIA that is usually
chronic.
Nocardia asteroides
- Occurs following INOCULATION of organism into the skin or
subcutaneous tissue - Usually seen in hands and feet as a result of outdoor activity
- Also known as MYCETOMA, a chronic, localized, painless,
subcutaneous infection
Nocardia brasiliensis
Partially acid-fast (decolorized used:
0.5% to 1% sulfuric acid;
Colonies have chalky, matte, or velvety appearance; resembles
“breadcrumbs”
nocardia
Pfeiffer’s bacillus
H. influenzae
caused the most invasive infections and occurred
primarily in young children and a leading cause of meningitis - ages 3 months
to 6 years
H. influenzae serotype B
Koch-Weeks bacillus
H. influenzae biotype aegyptius
commonly referred to as “Soft Chancre”
Chancroid
Hard chancre cause by
Treponema pallidum
It is found in dental plaque and gingival scrapings.
* Infections: fever, heart murmur, congestive heart failure.
AGGREGATIBACTER APHROPHILUS
Distinctive “star-shaped colonies” with 4 to 6 points” in the center of the
colonies
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
On the agar, characteristic “pitting” may be produced
- “Pitting” means that it corrodes the agar.
CARDIOBACTERIUM HOMINIS
occur as a result of trauma, esp. after human
bites/ fights implicated in periodontitis, osteomyelitis, bite wound infections,
EIKENELLA CORRODENS
causes undulant fever
Brucella , Brucellosis
Commonly causes CUTANEOUS infection resulting from ANIMAL
BITES
Pasteurella
True or False
both Y.pestis and Pasteurella can be demonstrated by Wayson stain
true
causes - severe pneumonia with a case fatality rate of 10% to 20%
Legionnaires’ disease
Gram-negative rods; described as “curved” (comma-shaped) or
straight rods
vibrio
colonies are smooth, glistening, and silver, resembling mercury droplets
bordetella
is the causative agent of CHOLERA (Asiatic cholera or
epidemic cholera)
V. cholerae 01
Second most common Vibrio species implicated in gastroenteritis
It was first recognized as a pathogen in Japan known as “summer diarrhea”
VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS
Commonly referred to as the “Lactose-positive” Vibrio
VIBRIO VULNIFICUS
vibrio spp that are Sucrose fermenters (yellow colonies)
V. cholerae
V. alginolyticus
vibrio spp that are Non-sucrose fermenters (green colonies)
o V. mimicus
o V. parahaemolyticus
o V. vulnificus
very fast movement of the organism, which is exhibited by
using hanging drop preparation
Darting motility
Appear as long spirals, S-shapes, or described as “Sea-gull wing”
appearance
C. jejuni
Colonies produce a grapelike or corn tortilla-like odor – odor
produced by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Causes Meliodosis, it is also an example of pulmonary infection –
aggressive granulomatous pulmonary disease caused by ingestion,
inhalation, or inoculation of organism
BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLE
Culture used for BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI
Ashdown medium
Causes Glander’s disease, a zoonosis primarily affecting livestock such
as horses and donkeys. It is rare in humans, but manifests as pulmonary
infection.
BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI
Causes endocarditis, UTIs, osteomyelitis, wound infections, FOOT
ROT infections
BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA
test that can be used to differentiate the two species of pseudomonas
Gelatin hydrolysis
true or false
P. putida – can hydrolyze gelatin
false
true or false
P. fluorescens – can hydrolyze gelatin
true
selective agar for Pseudomonas aeruginisa – positive
growth color is blue-green
Cetrimide agar
true or false
Both Campylobacter and Helicobacter are non motile
false, they are motile
“jacuzzi or hot tub syndrome other name
Necrotizing skin rash
It colonizes the stomach and can cause a low-grade
inflammatory process producing chronic superficial gastritis
Helicobacter pylori
considered as
enrichment broth for Vibrio.
Alkaline peptone water
Selective- Differential Medium for vibrio spp
TCBS – Thiosulfate Ctrate Bile Salts sucrose agar
ph indicator in TCBS agar
Bromthymol blue
is an acute diarrheal disease spread mainly thru contaminated
water, however outbreaks are caused by improper preservation and handling
of foods including fish and seafood, milk, ice cream, and unpreserved meat.
cholera
hree symptomatic stages of bordetella pertusis
catarrhal, paroxysmal, and
convalescent.
true or false
All species vibrio spp are halophilic
False
V. cholerae and V. mimicus are not halophilic
culture media with potato infusion agar w/ glycerol, sheep blood w/ methicillin
or cephalexin
Bordet-Gengou agar
fever that is mild, self-limited, nonfatal, influenza-like respiratory infection caused by L. pneumophila
pontiac fever
Thionin dye inhibits growth of what brucella species?
B. abortus
brucella sps that is not inhibited by either thionin and basic fuchsin
B. melitensis
True or False
All HACEK are capnophilic
true
causes acute, contagious conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as “PINK
EYE”
H. influenzae biotype aegyptius
Medium of choice for Bacterial vaginosis
Human Blood Bilayer Tween Agar
virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes that induces actin polymerization on the surface of the host cell,
facilitates cellular spread
Act A
(+) for GLUCOSE, MALTOSE, and LACTOSE
identify what neisseria spp
→ N. lactamica
(+) for GLUCOSE, MALTOSE
identify what neisseria spp
→ N. meningitis
causes erysipelas
strep pyogenes
causes erysipeloid
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathia
Major virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes
Listeriolysin O
Considered as most common non-cultural test for detection for Gardnerella
vaginalis
10% KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) test
known as highly pleomorphic organism
C. diphtheriae
Colonies are convex, smooth, gray, nonhemolytic; may have a musty or
mushroom odor
pasteurella multocida
Brucella spp that are rapid urease producers
B. suis and B. canis
Primary human pathogen and is the agent of human and animal tularemia.
Francisella tularensis
