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B9- Reproductive Behavior Flashcards

0
Q

Gamete

A

A mature reproductive cell; a sperm or ovum

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1
Q

Sexually dimorphic behavior

A

A behavior that has different forms or that occurs with different probabilities or under different circumstances in males and females

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2
Q

Sex chromosome

A

The X and Y chromosome, which determine an organism’s gender. Normally, XX individuals are female, XY individuals are male

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3
Q

Gonad

A

An ovary or testis

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4
Q

Sry

A

The gene on the Y chromosome whose product instructs the undifferentiated fetal gonads to develop into testes

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5
Q

Organizational effect (of hormone)

A

The effect of a hormone on tissue differentiation and development

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6
Q

Activational effect (of hormone)

A

The effect of a hormone that occurs in the fully developed organism; may depend on the organism’s prior exposure to the organizational effects of hormones

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7
Q

Müllerian system

A

The embryonic precursors of the female internal sex organs

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8
Q

Wolffian system

A

The embryonic precursors of the male internal sex organs

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9
Q

Anti-Müllerian hormone

A

A peptide secreted by the fetal testes that inhibits the development of the Müllerian system, which would otherwise become the female internal sex organs

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10
Q

Defeminizing effect

A

An effect of a hormone present early in development that reduces or prevents the later development of anatomical or behavioral characteristics typical of females

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11
Q

Androgen

A

A male sex steroid hormone. Testosterone is the principle mammalian androgen

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12
Q

Masculinizing effect

A

An effect of a hormone present early in development that promotes the later development of anatomical or behavioral characteristics typical of males

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13
Q

Testosterone

A

The principle androgen found in males

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14
Q

Dihydrotestosterone

A

An androgen produced from testosterone through the action of enzyme

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15
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

A condition caused by a congenital lack of functioning androgen receptors; in a person with XY sex chromosomes, it causes the development of a female with testes but no internal sex organs

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16
Q

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome

A

A condition caused by a congenital lack of anti-Müllerian hormone or receptors for this hormone; in a male , it causes development of both male and female internal sex organs

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17
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

The presence of only one sex chromosome (an X chromosome); characterized by lack of ovaries but otherwise normal female sex organs and genitalia

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18
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

A

A hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropic hormone

19
Q

Gonadotropic hormone

A

A hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that has a stimulating effect on cells of the gonads

20
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

The hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that causes development of an ovarian follicle and the maturation of an ovum

21
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

A hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that causes ovulation and development of the ovarian follicle into a corpus luteum

22
Q

Kisspeptin

A

A peptide essential for the initiation of puberty and the maintenance of male and female reproductive ability; controls the secretion of GnRH, which directs the production and release of the gonadotropic hormones

23
Q

Estradiol

A

The principle estrogen of many mammals, including humans

24
Estrogen
A class of sex hormones that causes maturation of the female genitalia, growth of breast tissue, and development of other physical features characteristics of females
25
Menstrual cycle
The female reproductive cycle of most primates, including humans; characterized by growth of the lining of the uterus, ovulation, development if a corpus luteum, and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstruation
26
Estrous cycle
The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates
27
Ovarian follicle
A cluster of epithelial cells surrounding an oocyte, which develops into an ovum
28
Corpus luteum
A cluster of cells that develops from the ovarian follicle after ovulation; secretes estradiol and progesterone
29
Progesterone
A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol, it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles
30
Refractory period
A period of time after a particular action (for example, an ejaculation by a male) during which that action cannot occur again
31
Coolidge effect
The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become "exhausted" by sexual activity
32
Lordosis
A spinal sexual reflex seen in many four-legged female mammals; arching of the back in response to the approach of a male or to touching the flanks, which elevates the hindquarters
33
Pheromone
A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted
34
Lee-Boot effect
The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals' urine; first observed in mice
35
Whitten effect
The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females, which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male's urine
36
Vandenbergh effect
The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males; caused by a pheromone in the male's urine; first observed in mice
37
Vomeronasal organ (VNO)
A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals, especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
38
Accessory olfactory bulb
A neural structure located in the main olfactory bulb that receives information from the vomeronasal organ
39
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
A condition characterized by hypersecretion of androgens by the adrenal cortex; in females, causes masculinization of the external genitalia
40
Medial preoptic area (MPA)
A area of cell bodies just rostral to the hypothalamus; plays an essential role in male sexual behavior
41
Sexually dimorphic nucleus
A nucleus in the preoptic area that is much larger in males than in females, first observed in rats; plays a role in male sexual behavior
42
Periaqueductal gray matter (PAG)
The region of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; plays an essential role in various species-typical behaviors, including female sexual behavior
43
Nucleus paragigantocellularis (nPGi)
A nucleus of the medulla that receives input from the medial preoptic area; contains neurons whose axons form synapses with motor neurons in the spinal cord that participate in sexual reflexes I males
44
Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH)
A large nucleus of the hypothalamus located near the walls of the third ventricle; plays an essential role in female sexual behavior
45
Parturition
The act of giving birth

Biopsychology (15 decks)

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