Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biopsychology > B4-Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

B4-Psychopharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Drug effect

A

The changes a drug produces in an animal’s physiological processes and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Site of action

A

A location at which molecules of drugs interact with molecules located on or in cells of the body, this affecting some biochemical processes of these cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intravenous (IV) injection

A

Injection of a substance directly into a vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intraperitoneal (IP) injection

A

Injection if a substance into the peritoneal cavity-the space that surrounds the stomach, intestines, liver, and other abdominal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intramuscular (IM) injection

A

Injection of a substance into a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Subcutaneous (SC) injection

A

Injection of a substance into the space beneath the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oral administration

A

Administration of a substance into the mouth, so that it is swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sublingual administration

A

Administration of a substance by placing it beneath the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intrarectal administration

A

Administration of a substance into the rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inhalation

A

Administration of vaporous substance into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Topical administration

A

Administration of a substance directly onto the skin or mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intracerebral administration

A

Administration of a substance directly into the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration

A

Administration of a substance into one of the cerebral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dose-response curve

A

A graph of the magnitude of an effect of a drug as a function of the amount of drug administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Therapeutic index

A

The ratio between the dose that produces the desired effect in 50 percent of the animals and the dose that produces toxic effects in 50 percent of the animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Affinity

A

The readiness with which two molecules join together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tolerance

A

A decrease in the effectiveness of a drug that is administered repeatedly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sensitization

A

An increase in the effectiveness of a drug that is administered repeatedly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Withdrawal symptom

A

The appearance of symptoms opposite to those produced by a drug when the drug is administered repeatedly and then suddenly no longer taken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Placebo

A

An inert substance that is given to an organism in lieu of a physiologically active drug; used experimentally to control for the effects of mere administration if a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Antagonist

A

A drug that opposes or inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the post synaptic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Agonist

A

A drug that facilities the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Direct agonist
A drug that binds with and activates a receptor
25
Receptor blocker
A drug that binds with a receptor but does not activate it; prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor
26
Direct antagonist
A synonym for receptor blocker
27
Noncompetitive binding
Binding of a drug to a site on a receptor; does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand
28
Indirect antagonist
A drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and interferes with the action if the receptor; does not interfere with the binding site for the principle ligand
29
Indirect agonist
The drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and facilitates the action of the receptor; does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand
30
Acetyl-CoA
A cofactor that supplies acetate for the synthesis of acetylcholine
31
Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
The enzyme that transfers the acetate ion from acetylcholine coenzyme A to choline, producing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
32
Botulinun toxin
An acetylcholine antagonist; prevents release by terminal buttons
33
Black widow spider venom
A poison produced by the black widow spider that triggers the release of acetylcholine
34
Neostigmine
A drug that inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase
35
Nicotine receptor
An ionotropic acetylcholine receptor that is stimulated by nicotine and blocked by curare
36
Muscarinic receptor
A metabotropic acetylcholine receptor that is stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine
37
Atropine
A drug that blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
38
Curare
A drug that blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
39
Monoamine
Class of ameans that includes indolamines such as serotonin and catecholamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine and epinephrine
40
Catecholamine
The class of amines that includes the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine and epinephrine
41
Dopamine (DA)
A neurotransmitter one of the catecholamines
42
L-DOPA
The levorotatory form of DOPA; the precursor of the catecholamines; often used to treat Parkinson's disease because of its effect as a dopamine agonist
43
Nigrostriatal system
A system of neurons originating in the substantia nigra and terminating in the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)
44
Mesolimbic system
A system of dopaminergic neurons originating in the ventral tegmental area and terminating in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus
45
Mesocortical system
A system of depaminergic neurons originating in the ventral tegmental area and terminating in the prefrontal cortex
46
Parkinson's disease
A neurological disease characterized by tremors, rigidity of the limbs, poor balance, and difficulty in initiating movements; caused by degeneration of the nigrostriatal systems
47
AMPT
A drug that blocks the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase and thus interferes with the synthesis of the catecholamines
48
Reserpine
A drug that interferes with the storage of monoamines in synaptic vesicles
49
Methylphenidate
A drug that inhibits the reuptake of dopamine
50
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
A class of enzymes that destroy the monoamines: dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
51
Deprenyl
A drug that blocks the activity of MAO-B; acts as a dopamine agonist
52
Chlorpromazine
A drug that reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking dopamine D2 receptors
53
Norepinephrine (NE)
One of the catecholamines; a neurotransmitter found in the brain and in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
54
Epinephrine
One of the catecholamines; a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; serves also as a neurotransmitter in the brain
55
Fusaric acid
A drug that inhibits the activity of the enzyme dopamine-B-hydroxylase and this blocks the production of norepinephrine
56
Locus coeruleus
A dark colored group of noradrenergic cell bodies located in the pons near the rostral end of the floor of the fourth ventricle
57
Idazoxan
A drug that blocks presynaptic noradrenergic a2 receptors and hence acts as an agonist, stimulating the synthesis and release of NE
58
Serotonin (5-HT)
An indolamine neurotransmitter; also called 5-hydroxytryptamine
59
PCPA
A drug that inhibits the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase and thus interferes with the synthesis of 5-HT
60
Fluoxetine
A drug that inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT
61
Fenfluramine
A drug that stimulates the release of 5-HT
62
LSD
A drug that stimulates 5-HT2A receptors
63
MDMA
A drug that serves as a noradrenergic and serotonergic agonist, also known as "ecstasy"; has excitatory and hallucinogenic effects
64
Histamine
A neurotransmitter that plays an important role in stimulating wakefulness
65
Glutamate
An amino acid, the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
66
NMDA receptor
A specialized ionotropic glutamate receptor that controls a calcium channel that is normally blocked by Mg2+ ions; has several other binding sites
67
AMPA receptor
An ionotropic glutamate receptor that controls a sodium channel; stimulated by kainic acid
68
Metabotropic glutamate receptor
A category of metabotropic receptors that are sensitive to glutamate
69
AP5 (2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate)
PCP
70
PCP
Phencyclidine; a drug that binds with the PCP binding site of the NMDA receptor and serves as an indirect antagonist
71
GABA
An amino acid; the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
72
Allylglycine
A drug that inhibits the activity of GAD an thus blocks the synthesis of GABA
73
Muscimol
A direct agonist for the GABA binding site on the GABAa receptor
74
Bicuculline
A direct antagonist for the GABA binding site on the GABAa receptor
75
Benzodiazepine
A category of anxiolytic drugs; an indirect agonist for then GABAa receptor
76
Anxiolytic
An amino acid; an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the lower brain stem and spinal cord
77
Strychnine
A direct antagonist for the glycine receptor
78
Endogenous opioid
A class of peptides secreted by the brain that act as opiates
79
Enkephalins
.
80
Naloxone
A drug that blocks opiate receptors
81
Endocannabinoid
A lipid; an endogenous ligand for receptors that bind with THC, the active ingredient of marijuana
82
Anandamide
The first cannabinoid to be discovered and probably the most important one
83
Rimonabant
A drug that blocks
84
Adenosine
A nucleoside; a combination of ribose and adenine; serves as a neuromodulator in the brain
85
Caffeine
A drug that blocks adenosine receptors
86
Nitric oxide (NO)
A gas produced by cells in the nervous system; used as a means of communication between cells
87
Nitric oxide synthase
The enzyme responsible for the production of nitric oxide

Biopsychology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions