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BMB Test 1 > B7-095 Brain Tumors 1: Non-glial > Flashcards

B7-095 Brain Tumors 1: Non-glial Flashcards

1
Q

specialized macrophages of the CNS

A

microglia

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2
Q

types of glia [4]

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
microglia

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3
Q

post-mitotic cells with selective vulnerability

A

neurons

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4
Q

“dead reds” due to anoxia, ischemia, hypoglycemia

A

acute neuronal injury

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5
Q

lipofuscin can be seen in the

A

dentate nucleus

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6
Q

neuromelanin can be seen in the

A

substantia nigra

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7
Q

seen in normal aging and Alzheimer’s

A

granulovacuolar change

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8
Q

associated with dementia

A

neurofibrillary tangles

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9
Q

associated with parkinson’s

A

Lewy bodies in substantia nigra

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10
Q

associated with rabies

A

negri bodies

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11
Q

what layer gives rise to microglia

A

mesoderm

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12
Q

what layer gives rise to astrocytes, oligodentrocytes, and ependymal cells

A

neuroectoderm

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13
Q

small oval nuceli with star-like processes

A

astrocyte

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14
Q

contain GFAP

A

astrocytes

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15
Q

foot processes form the BBB

A

astrocytes

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16
Q

indicator of injury

A

astrocytosis/gliosis

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17
Q

reactive phenomenon; seen in tumors

A

gemistocytic astrocytes

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18
Q

associated with metabolic encephalopathy

A

alzheimer type II astrocytes

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19
Q

astrocytic process inclusions

seen in chronic gliosis, pilocytic astrocytomas, Alexander’s disease

A

rosenthal fibers

(seen in slow, chronic processes)

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20
Q

ab-crystallin
hsp27

A

rosenthal fibers

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21
Q

make and maintain myelin

A

oligodendrocytes

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22
Q

JC virus infects oligodendrocytes causing demyelination

A

PML (progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy)

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23
Q

ciliated columnar epithelial glial cells that line the ventricular system

A

ependymal cells

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24
Q

CMV affects […] cells preferentially

A

ependymal

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25
creates CSF
choroid plexus
26
what layers does choroid plexus originate from?
ectoderm and mesoderm (dual origin)
27
tumor types that arise from choroid plexus [2]
papillomas carcinoma
28
resident CNS macrophage
microglia
29
express CD68
microglia
30
meningothelial cell whorls
31
histologic hallmarks of hypoxic neurons [4]
profound eosinophilia loss of basophillia pyknosis/atrophy loss of Nissl
32
what area of the brain is most vulnerable to hypoxia in adults?
hippocampus-CA1 segment
33
nonspecific finding that indicates a chronic pathological process
Rosenthal fibers
34
how long does it take to be able to see ischemic neurons?
4-6 hours after ischemic event (patient has to survive ischemic event to see changes)
35
most common brain tumors in adults in outside hospitals is
metastatic tumors (**lung** cancer is most likely to metastasize)
36
cause "hemorrhagic mets"
**lung** RCC melanoma choriocarcinoma
37
lymphomas of the CNS [2]
diffuse large B cell intravascular large B cell
38
"naked nuclei" round uniform cells with atypia and multiple prominent nucleoli "dirty background"
lymphoma
39
CD20+ [2]
diffuse large B cell lymphoma intravascular large B cell
40
lymphoma
41
most common lymphoma
diffuse large B cell
42
associated with EBV
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
43
confined to the CNS at presentation angiocentric growth pattern
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
44
what should be avoided prior to biopsy of diffuse large B cell lymphoma?
preoperative steroids (will cause negative biopsy, "partially treated lymphoma)
45
can be preceded by demyelinating and/or inflammatory lesions for up to two years
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
46
mimics cerebral infarcts or subacute encephalopathy
intravascular large B cell (characterized by exclusively intravascular growth)
47
mesenchymal, non-meningothelial tumors [2]
solitary fibrous tumor hemangioblastoma
48
dural-based lesion of the meninges
solitary fibrous tumor
49
what gene fusion causes solitary fibrous tumor?
NAB2 and STAT6
50
detection of STAT6 nuclear expression via IHC is recommended for diagnosis of
solitary fibrous tumor
51
describe grading of solitary fibrous tumors
Grade 1: <5 mitoses/10 HPF Grade 2: >5 mitoses/10 HPF without necrosis Grade 3: >5 mitoses/HPF with necrosis **high rate of recurrence, even years later regardless of grade**
52
recurrence may occur decades after initial diagnosis so require long-term follow up
solitary fibrous tumor
53
surrounding parenchyma may show profound gliosis and rosenthal fibers
hemangioblastoma **very very slow growing**
54
associated with VHL
hemangioblastoma
55
VHL tumor suppressor gene is located on chromosome [..]
3
56
inhibin positive but patchy
hemangioblastoma
57
markers helpful to differentiate hemangioblastoma from RCC
keratin (CAM5.2) PAX8 (renal marker)
58
classic meningioma findings [2]
perfectly formed whorls on smear psammoma bodies on H&E sections
59
progesterone receptors
meningioma
60
genetic association causing multiple meningioma
loss of chromosome 22q (NF2 gene)
61
[what grade meningioma] 4-19 mitotic figures in 10 HPF
grade 2
62
[what grade meningioma] <4 mitotic figures in 10 HPF
grade 1
63
[what grade meningioma] 20 or more mitotic figures in 10 HPF
grade 3 (begins looking like something else entirely: sarcoma, carcinoma, melanoma, etc)
64
[what grade meningioma] TERT promoter mutation
grade 3
65
[what grade meningioma] homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B
grade 3
66
[what grade meningioma] brain invasion
grade 2
67
[what grade meningioma] chordoid or clear cell subtype
grade 2
68
[what grade meningioma]
grade 2 (brain invasion)
69
[what grade meningioma]
grade 2 (chordoid)
70
[what grade meningioma]
grade 2 (clear cell)

BMB Test 1 (17 decks)

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