B7-002 CNS Development Flashcards
notochord induces the overlying ectoderm to differentiate into […] and […]
neuroectoderm
neural plate
notochord becomes the […] in adults
nucleus pulposus
neural plate gives rise to [2]
neural tube
neural crest cells
lateral walls of the neural tube are divided into […] and […] plates
alar (dorsal)
basal (ventral)
the alar (dorsal) plate is induced by
BMPs
the basal (ventral) plate is induced by
SHH
closure of the neural tube starts in the […]
middle and proceeds both rostrally and caudally
failure of caudal neural tube to close but no herniation
dura is intact
spina bifida occulta
associated with tuft of hair or skin dimple at level of bony defect
spina bifida occulta
meninges (but no neural tissue) herniate though bony defect
meningocele
meninges and neural tissue herniate through bony defect
myelomeningocele
exposed, unfused neural tissue without skin/meningeal covering
myeloschisis
failure of rostral neuropore to close
no forebrain, open calvarium
anencephaly
anencephaly often presents with […]
polyhydraminios
(decreased fetal swallowing)
[…] can reduce the incidence of spina bifida
folic acid
sensory neurons derive from
neural crest
adrenergic and cholinergic neurons derive from
neural crest
proliferation of neural and glial cells occurs in the
neural tube
(interkinetic nuclear migration)
the time of a neuron’s last cell division
neuronal birthday 🥳
(can be used to determine when neurons was formed)
describe interkinetic nuclear migration
neurons move from the outersurface of the neural tube down to the lumenal surface for mitosis
zika virus preferentially targets
developing neurons in babies
newly generated neurons in adults
the telencephalon and the diencephalon develop from the […]
forebrain (proencephalon)
the metencephalon and the myelencephalon develop from the […]
hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
list the parts of the three vesicle stage of the neural tube
proencephalon (forebrain)
mesenencephalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
list the parts of the five vesicle stage of the neural tube
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon
telencephalon becomes the
cerebral hemisphere
diencephalon becomes the
thalamus and hypothalamus
the metencephalon becomes the
pons
the myelencephalon becomes the
medulla
[…] genes govern segmentation of the nervous system
homeobox
proliferation of neurons by mitotic activity occurs in the […] of the neural tube, then migrate out
ventricular zone
in the spinal cord […] regions are sensory
dorsal
in the spinal cord […] regions are motor
ventral
in the brainstem […] regions are lateral
sensory
in the brainstem […] regions are medial
motor
targets produce […] to ensure the correct number of neurons innervate them
trophic factors
(neurons are produced in excess, and die to match the target size)
cortical laminar development uses […] cells as guides for migration
radial glia
(absence causes major cortical dysfunction)
more […] regions of the nervous system are generated first, then a wave moves […]
caudal
rostrally
the […] layer of the cerebral cortex develops first, then moves […]
lower
outward
radial glial cells
neuronal proliferation occurs in the […] layer of the neural tube
ventricular
once a neuroblast has it’s “birthday”, it migrates out of the ventricular layer into the […] layer
mantle
(will become gray matter)
spina bifida is caused by failure of
caudal neuropore closure
anencephaly is caused by failure of
rostral neuropore closure
guide the migration of neurons from deeper to more superficial layers resulting in distinct cortical layers
radial glial cells
