B7-002 CNS Development

Question 1

notochord induces the overlying ectoderm to differentiate into […] and […]

Answer 1

neuroectoderm
neural plate

Question 2

notochord becomes the […] in adults

Answer 2

nucleus pulposus

Question 3

neural plate gives rise to [2]

Answer 3

neural tube
neural crest cells

Question 4

lateral walls of the neural tube are divided into […] and […] plates

Answer 4

alar (dorsal)
basal (ventral)

Question 5

the alar (dorsal) plate is induced by

Answer 5

BMPs

Question 6

the basal (ventral) plate is induced by

Answer 6

SHH

Question 7

closure of the neural tube starts in the […]

Answer 7

middle and proceeds both rostrally and caudally

Question 8

failure of caudal neural tube to close but no herniation
dura is intact

Answer 8

spina bifida occulta

Question 9

associated with tuft of hair or skin dimple at level of bony defect

Answer 9

spina bifida occulta

Question 10

meninges (but no neural tissue) herniate though bony defect

Answer 10

meningocele

Question 11

meninges and neural tissue herniate through bony defect

Answer 11

myelomeningocele

Question 12

exposed, unfused neural tissue without skin/meningeal covering

Answer 12

myeloschisis

Question 13

failure of rostral neuropore to close
no forebrain, open calvarium

Answer 13

anencephaly

Question 14

anencephaly often presents with […]

Answer 14

polyhydraminios

(decreased fetal swallowing)

Question 15

[…] can reduce the incidence of spina bifida

Answer 15

folic acid

Question 16

sensory neurons derive from

Answer 16

neural crest

Question 17

adrenergic and cholinergic neurons derive from

Answer 17

neural crest

Question 18

proliferation of neural and glial cells occurs in the

Answer 18

neural tube

(interkinetic nuclear migration)

Question 19

the time of a neuron’s last cell division

Answer 19

neuronal birthday 🥳

(can be used to determine when neurons was formed)

Question 20

describe interkinetic nuclear migration

Answer 20

neurons move from the outersurface of the neural tube down to the lumenal surface for mitosis

Question 21

zika virus preferentially targets

Answer 21

developing neurons in babies
newly generated neurons in adults

Question 22

the telencephalon and the diencephalon develop from the […]

Answer 22

forebrain (proencephalon)

Question 23

the metencephalon and the myelencephalon develop from the […]

Answer 23

hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Question 24

list the parts of the three vesicle stage of the neural tube

Answer 24

proencephalon (forebrain)
mesenencephalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 25

list the parts of the five vesicle stage of the neural tube

Answer 25

telencephalon diencephalon mesencephalon metencephalon myelencephalon

Question 26

telencephalon becomes the

Answer 26

cerebral hemisphere

Question 27

diencephalon becomes the

Answer 27

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 28

the metencephalon becomes the

Answer 28

pons

Question 29

the myelencephalon becomes the

Answer 29

medulla

Question 30

[...] genes govern segmentation of the nervous system

Answer 30

homeobox

Question 31

proliferation of neurons by mitotic activity occurs in the [...] of the neural tube, then migrate out

Answer 31

ventricular zone

Question 32

in the spinal cord [...] regions are sensory

Answer 32

dorsal

Question 33

in the spinal cord [...] regions are motor

Answer 33

ventral

Question 34

in the brainstem [...] regions are lateral

Answer 34

sensory

Question 35

in the brainstem [...] regions are medial

Answer 35

motor

Question 36

targets produce [...] to ensure the correct number of neurons innervate them

Answer 36

trophic factors (neurons are produced in excess, and die to match the target size)

Question 37

cortical laminar development uses [...] cells as guides for migration

Answer 37

radial glia (absence causes major cortical dysfunction)

Question 38

more [...] regions of the nervous system are generated first, then a wave moves [...]

Answer 38

caudal rostrally

Question 39

the [...] layer of the cerebral cortex develops first, then moves [...]

Answer 39

lower outward **radial glial cells**

Question 40

neuronal proliferation occurs in the [...] layer of the neural tube

Answer 40

ventricular

Question 41

once a neuroblast has it's "birthday", it migrates out of the ventricular layer into the [...] layer

Answer 41

mantle (will become gray matter)

Question 42

spina bifida is caused by failure of

Answer 42

caudal neuropore closure

Question 43

anencephaly is caused by failure of

Answer 43

rostral neuropore closure

Question 44

guide the migration of neurons from deeper to more superficial layers resulting in distinct cortical layers

Answer 44

radial glial cells