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BMB Test 1 > B7-015 Myelopathies > Flashcards

B7-015 Myelopathies Flashcards

1
Q

because of bilateral symmetric symptoms and signs, [….] mimic diffuse toxic metabolic processes

A

midline structural processes

(usually more dangerous and require more urgent treatment)

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2
Q

the dorsal (posterior) horn contains […] neurons

A

sensory

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3
Q

the ventral (anterior) horn contains […] neurons

A

motor (includes LMN)

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4
Q

the first order sensory neuron lives in the

A

dorsal root ganglia

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5
Q

LMN lives in the

A

anterior horn

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6
Q

white matter tracts in the spinal cord [3]

A

posterior funiculus
lateral funiculus
anterior funiculus

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7
Q

the long tracts reside in the […] matter

A

white

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8
Q

what areas of the cord have larger anterior horns?

A

cervical and lumber

(contain more motor neurons to innnervate limbs)

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9
Q

what area of the cord has a lot of white matter?

A

cervical

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10
Q

spinal cord ends at

A

L1

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11
Q

UMN live in the

A

corticospinal tract

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12
Q

lives in the posterior faniculus

A

DC/ML

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13
Q

the first order neuron of the DC/ML

A

dorsal root ganglion

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14
Q

the second order neuron of the DC/ML

A

nucleus gracilis/cuneatus

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15
Q

the third order neuron of the DC/ML

A

thalamus

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16
Q

ways to test the DCML

A

proprioception (move joint)
tuning fork

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17
Q

ways to test spinothalamic

A

pain with pinprick
using a cool metal tool for temperature

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18
Q

what nutrient deficiency can affect the posterior columns and corticospinal tract?

A

B12 or copper

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19
Q

[…] competes with copper for absorption

A

zinc

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20
Q

first order neuron of the spinothalamic system

A

dorsal root ganglion

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21
Q

second order neuron of the spinothalamic system

A

dorsal horn

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22
Q

third order neuron of the spinothalamic system

A

thalamus

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23
Q

label the three systems

A
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24
Q

hemisection of the spinal cord will cause ipsilateral […] and contralateral […]

A

ipsilateral: proprioceptive loss and weakness (DC/ML and corticospinal)

contralateral: pain and temperature loss (spinothalamic)

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25
Q

what information can tell you which spinal cord lesion the deficit is at? [3]

A

level of weakness
level of reflex change
level of numbness

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26
Q

deltoid, infraspinatus, and biceps weakness

A

C5

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27
Q

weakened biceps and pectoralis weakness

A

C5

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28
Q

wrist extensor and biceps weakness

A

C6

29
Q

biceps and brachioradialis reflex weakness

A

C6

30
Q

triceps weakness and reflex weakness

A

C7

31
Q

iliopsoas and quadriceps weakness

A

L4

32
Q

patellar reflex weakness

A

L4

33
Q

foot dorsiflexion
big toe extension
foot eversion weakness

A

L5

34
Q

weakness of foot plantar flexion

A

S1

35
Q

weak Achilles reflex

A

S1

36
Q

jaw jerk reflex

[where is the lesion?]

A

lesion is above brainstem

37
Q

nipple line

A

T4

38
Q

umbilicus

A

T10

39
Q

abrupt transition from C4 to T2

A

cervical mantle

40
Q

where do loss of pain and temperature typically occur?

A

several levels below the lesion

41
Q

supply the posterior columns of the spinal cord

A

posterior spinal arteries

rare to get infarct here

42
Q

supply the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

A

anterior spinal artery

infarct will affect this area usually

43
Q

bilateral weakness
bilateral pain/temperature loss
spared proprioception

A

infarction of spinal cord at anterior spinal artery

44
Q

bilateral upper extremity pain/temp loss
LMN findings in arms
UMN findings in legs
spared proprioception

A

cervical central cord syndrome

45
Q

“cape-like” loss of sensation

A

central cord syndrome

46
Q

external compression of the spinal cord tends to only effect the

A

corticospinal tract

47
Q

spared pain/temperature
spared proprioception
UMN signs in arms and legs

A

external compression of the cervical spinal cord

48
Q

the reason for selective vulnerability in toxic metabolic processes is

A

unknown

49
Q

upper and lower extremity weakness
upper and lower extremity proprioception loss
pain/temperature spared
[3]

A

B12 deficiency
copper deficiency
Friedrich’s ataxia

subacute combined degeneration

50
Q

UMN and LMN weakness

A

ALS

51
Q

diseases affecting anterior horn cell causing LMN weakness [2]

A

spinal muscular atrophy (werndig-hoffman)
poliomyelitis (WNV)

52
Q

diseases affecting posterior columns only causing proprioceptive loss [3]

A

tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
B6 (pyroxidine) intoxication
paraneoplastic

53
Q

[…] is almost always preserved with spinal cord infarction

A

dorsal column

54
Q

chronic progressive sensory ataxia
+ Romberg sign
absent DTRs

A

tabes dorsalis

55
Q

can be secondary to aortic aneurysm repair

A

anterior spinal artery occlusion

56
Q

congenital degeneration of the anterior horn

A

spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann)

57
Q

floppy baby
marked hypotonia (flaccid paralysis)
tongue fasciulations
symmetric weakness

A

spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann)

58
Q

poliomyelitis affects the […]

A

anterior horn

59
Q

acute LMN signs
asymmetric weakness
symptoms of viral meningitis

A

poliomyelitis

60
Q

CSF shows:
elevated WBCs
slight elevation of protein
no change in glucose

A

poliomyelitis

61
Q

caused by autosomal recessive mutation in SMN1

A

spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann)

62
Q

LMN signs associated with ALS [4]

A

flaccid limb weakness
fasciculations
atrophy
bulbar palsy (dysarthia, dysphagia, tongue atrophy)

63
Q

UMN signs associated with ALS

A

spastic limb weakness
hyperreflexia
clonus
psuedobulbar palsy (dysarthia, dysphagia, emotional lability)

64
Q

what nervous system functions are spared in ALS [2]

A

sensory
bowel/bladder deficits

65
Q

demyelination of:
spinocerebellar tracts
lateral corticospinal tracts
dorsal columns

A

subacute combined degeneration

SCD

66
Q

subacute combined degeneration is caused by […] deficiency

A

B12

67
Q

ataxic gait
impaired vibration/sensation
+ Romberg
UMN signs

A

subacute combined degeneration

68
Q

presents with UMN signs above the lesion and LMN signs at level of lesion
loss of pain/temperature below lesion
dorsal columns spared

A

anterior spinal artery occlusion

69
Q

ependymomas can cause

A

central cord syndrome

BMB Test 1 (17 decks)

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