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BMB Test 1 > B7-013 Peripheral Neuropathies > Flashcards

B7-013 Peripheral Neuropathies Flashcards

1
Q

the spinal cord ends at what vertebral level

A

L1

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2
Q

the lowest portion of the spinal cord is the

A

conus medullaris

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3
Q

where does C8 nerve root exit the spinal cord?

A

below C7 vertebrae
above T1 vertebrae

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4
Q

roots C1-C7 exit […] their respective vertebrae

A

above

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5
Q

lumbosacral and thoracic roots exit […] the correspondingly numbered vertebral bones

A

below

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6
Q

lumbrosacral roots travel several levels […] before exiting the spinal canal

A

caudally

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7
Q

typically, a disk herniation will effect the […] roots

A

lower

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8
Q

central disc herniations at the level of […] can impinge roots lower than the level of herniation

A

cauda equina

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9
Q

central disc herniations above […] can compress the cord causing conus medullaris syndrome

A

L1

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10
Q

extreme lateral disc herniations can effect the […] root

A

upper

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11
Q

apical lung lesions and thoracic outlet syndrome would effect the […] brachial plexus

A

lower

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12
Q

the upper brachial plexus is most commonly affected by […] in adults

A

trauma

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13
Q

the […] plexus runs through the retroperitoneal space

A

lumbosacral

**can be damaged by retroperitoneal hematoma or psoas abscess

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14
Q

cause of meralgia parethetica

A

lateral femoral cutaneous being trapped below the ilioinguinal ligament

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15
Q

cause of piriformis sciatica

A

sciatic nerve entrapped beneath the piriformis muscle

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16
Q

cause of peroneal nerve entrapment

A

entrapment of the common fibular nerve at the fibular head

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17
Q

cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median nerve entrapment at carpal tunnel

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18
Q

cause of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

ulnar nerve entrapment at cubital tunnel

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19
Q

cause of Guyon’s canal

A

ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist

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20
Q

why do disc herniations in the lumbar spine affect the lower root?

A

posterolateral dislocation impinges the root on its way to the next level

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21
Q

NCS typically measure the function of […]

A

large myelinated nerves

this is why patients with small fiber neuropathy can have normal NCS

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22
Q

if you have a disease causing nerves to die, the […] will be decreased on NCS

A

amplitude

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23
Q

if you have a disease affecting the myelin, the […] will be decreased on NCS

A

velocity

24
Q

relatively preserved amplitude of response

A

myelinopathy

25
Q

very slow velocities, long latencies, conduction block

A

myelinopathy

26
Q

low amplitude response

A

axonopathy

27
Q

relatively preserved velocities

A

axonopathy

28
Q

spontaneous muscle activity on EMG shows

A

fibrillation (acute nerve denervation)
fasciculation

29
Q

a single muscle fiber spontaneously firing

A

fibrillation

(acute denervation)

30
Q

an entire motor unit spontaneously firing

A

fasciculation

(like eyelid twitch)

31
Q

what would this pattern indicate?

A

chronic denervation/reinnervation

32
Q

how are compound muscle action potentials measured?

A

using two stimulation points

33
Q

how are sensory nerve action potentials measured?

A

directly off the nerve

34
Q

typical nerves conduction velocities are around

A

50 m/sec

35
Q

relatively preserved amplitude, slow conduction

A

demyelinating neuropathy

36
Q

decreased amplitude, normal conduction velocity

A

axonal neuropathy

37
Q

M waves

A

compound motor action potential

38
Q

F waves

A

retrograde conduction to spinal cord along the motor axon

39
Q

H reflex

A

deep tendon reflex stimulated electrically

40
Q

describe EMG changes from acute denervation

A

fibrillations

41
Q

describe EMG changes from chronic denervation

A

subsequent reinnervation causes large, wide complicated motor units

42
Q

SNAPs are […] in radiculopathies

A

normal

(abnormal in plexopathy)

43
Q

why are SNAPs normal in radiculopathies?

A

the sensory nerve cell body is distal to the damage so the axon doesn’t die

44
Q

situations where NCV/EMG has poor sensitivity [4]

A

early disease
mild disease
focal neuropathy
small fiber neuropathy

45
Q

SNAPs are […] in plexopathies

A

abnormal

46
Q

fibrillation potentials in the cervical paraspinals would indicate damage to

A

cervical nerve root

paraspinals are innervated by the dorsal root

47
Q

cervical nerve roots exiting the vertebral formina exit […] the correspondingly numbered vertebrae

A

above

48
Q

located anatomically near the brachial plexus
mediates pupillary dilation

A

ascending sympathetics

49
Q

in a patient with weakness/numbness of the arm, involvement of the ascending sympathetics indicates involvement of the

A

brachial plexus

50
Q

burning pain between the thumb and index finger is caused by

A

handcuff neuropathy due to compression of the superficial radial nerve

51
Q

generally, are EMG/NCS helpful for focal neuropathies?

A

no

52
Q

when pathology is distal to the root, the paraspinal muscles will be […] on EMG

A

spared

53
Q

when pathology involves the root, paraspinal muscles will be […] on EMG

A

affected

54
Q

causes of meralgia parethetica

A

weight gain
tight belts
tool belts

55
Q

leprosy has what pattern?

A

cool dependent pattern of involvement

(used to be the most common cause of cool dependent neuropathy)

BMB Test 1 (17 decks)

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