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BMB Test 1 > B7-004 Pain 1 > Flashcards

B7-004 Pain 1 Flashcards

1
Q

three main somatic modalities

A

discriminative touch
pain and temperature
unconscious proprioception

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2
Q

cutaneous receptors [3]

A

mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors

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3
Q

proprioceptive receptors [2]

A

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs

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4
Q

discriminative touch receptor that functions in hair displacement

A

hair follicle ending

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5
Q

discriminative touch receptor that functions in stretch/pressure on the skin
perceive movement across the skin

A

ruffini endings

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6
Q

discriminative touch receptor that perceive pressure changes in the lips, tongue, and genitalia

A

krause corpuscle

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7
Q

discriminative touch receptor that perceives vibration and deep pressure in the dermis

A

pacinian corpuscle

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8
Q

discriminative touch receptor that perceives light (low frequency) vibration in the dermis

A

meissner corpuscle

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9
Q

discriminative touch receptor that perceive pressure of the skin in the epidermis

A

merkel cells

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10
Q

slowly adapting mechanoreceptors [2]

A

Merkels (small receptive fields)
Ruffini (thin, long receptive fields)

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11
Q

rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors [2]

A

Meissner’s corpuscles (small receptive field)
Pacinian corpuscles (very large receptive fields)

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12
Q

located everywhere throughout the cutaneous sheath and respond to mechanical, thermal, or noxious skin stimulation

A

free nerve endings

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13
Q

predominant stretch receptor within muscles

A

muscle spindles

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14
Q

muscle spindles have both […] and […] adapting components

A

rapidly (dynamic)
slowly (static)

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15
Q

provide feedback to the cerebellum about muscle length and velocity

A

muscle spindles

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16
Q

monitor stresses and forces (tension) at the tendon

A

golgi tendon organs

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17
Q

conduction velocity depends on […] and […] of the axon

A

fiber diameter
myelination

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18
Q

describe the 3 neuron pathway for perception

A

1st order neuron: dorsal root
2nd order neuron crosses: medulla
3rd order neuron: thalamus

terminates in somatosensory cortex

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19
Q

somatosensory system that gets input from discriminative touch and proprioception

A

dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DC-ML)

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20
Q

somatosensory system that gets input from temperature, pain, and very low acuity mechanosensation

A

spinothalamic (ALS)

(A delta and C fibers)

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21
Q

rank the nerve fibers in order of highest to lowest velocity

A

A: alpha, beta, gamma, delta
C

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22
Q

parasympathetic autonomic function is carried by nerves arising in the

A

brainstem or sacral portions of the spinal cord

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23
Q

contain both afferent and efferent neurons, bundling both motor and sensory functions

A

peripheral spinal nerves

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24
Q

large diameter afferent (sensory) neurons encode [2]

A

discriminative touch
proprioception

25
small diameter afferent (sensory) neurons encode [3]
pain itch thermal sensation
26
itch, pain, and thermal sensation are all encoded by
small diameter A-delta and C efferent fibers
27
encode stretch of skin
Ruffini
28
proportional to the intensity of stimulation of the nociceptor
nociceptive pain
29
when acute, serves an adaptive physiologic function
nociceptive pain
30
lowered threshold for stimulation of the nociceptor [...] pain
inflammatory pain
31
adaptive/repair mechanism that allows for healing/repair of injury
inflammatory pain
32
sustained by aberrant processes or damage in PNS/CNS
neuropathic pain
33
disproportional to the intensity of nociceptor activation serves no protective/adaptive function
neuropathic pain
34
chronic pain states that are stimulus independent produced as a result of peripheral or central plasticity/sensitization
nociplastic pain
35
fibromyalgia is an example of
nociplastic pain
36
has both nociceptive and neuropathic components
mixed pain CRPS failed lower back surgery syndrome
37
no underlying lesion pain disproportionate to degree of clinically discernible tissue injury
idiopathic pain
38
sensory/discriminative component of pain travels though [...] tract
neospinothalamic
39
emotional component of pain travels though [...] tract
paleospinothalamic
40
pain provoked by normally non-noxious stimuli pain provoked by light brushing of skin
allodynia
41
pain disproportionate to the stimuli provided
hyperalgesia
42
are free nerve endings afferent or efferent?
both
43
describe the efferent activity of nociceptive nerve endings
impulse will spread along adjacent branches and activate the release of CGRP and substance P
44
triple response of Lewis
redness at injury (red line/rubor) edema and swelling (wheal/tumor) spreading redness around injury (flare) all work together to produce dolar and calor
45
mechanisms of sensitization occurring in the periphery
primary hyperalgesia
46
mechanisms of sensitization occurring in the CNS
secondary hyperalgesia (causes "memories" of pain)
47
arthritis is an example of
inflammatory pain
48
pain processing mechanisms function abnormally
nociplastic pain
49
nociception is sustained by chronic injury, causing [...] pain
inflammatory pain
50
injured/diseased neurons growth of axonal sprouts formation of ectopic foci causes [...] pain
neuropathic pain
51
endogenous opioid peptides [3]
enkephalin endorphin dynorphin **involved in endogenous analgesia (gate control theory) by binding to mu, delta, and kappa receptors
52
sites of action of opioid analgesics in the medulla [2]
periaqeuductal gray nucleus raphe magnus **small amounts of opioids acting here can drastically decrease pain because they recruit endogenous analgesia pathways
53
associated with limbs immobilized for long periods of time
complex regional pain syndrome
54
stimulation of the central gray matter in the medulla would produce
analgesia (contains periaqueductal gray and raphe magnus)
55
describe pain
sensory experience with **negative emotional component**
56
small diameter, unmyelinated fibers are [...] adapting
non
57
stimulation of [...] neurons by mechanical stimuli can inhibit activity in convergent [...] neurons
large diameter sensory neurons small diameter nociceptive neurons (gate control theory of pain)
58
which nerve fibers are most likely to become sensitized with repeated activation
free nerve endings (are unable to adapt, unlike larger fibers)
59
pain to non-painful sensory input resulting from imbalance of non-painful and painful inputs
deafferentation pain

BMB Test 1 (17 decks)

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