B7-023 CBCL Spinal Cord Injury Flashcards
what nerve roots innervate the phrenic nerve?
C3-C5
injury to the spinal column above […] will cause hypoventillatory failure requiring immediate intubation and ventilation
C3
common cause of modern B12 deficiency
gastric bypass
B12 deficiency causes […]
subacute combine degeneration
key distinguishing symptom of neurogenic shock
decreased systemic vascular resistance
tabes dorsalis from syphilis preferentially affects the […]
dorsal columns
vitamin […] deficiency preferentially affects the cerebellar system
E
autosomal recessive trinucleotide repeat disorder presenting with severe ataxia before age 25
Friedrich’s ataxia
50% of patients have skeletal deformities like scoliosis and pes cavus
Friedrich’s ataxia
known cause of transverse myelitis
lupus
starts with a viral meningoencephalitis
WNV (poliomyelitis)
[…] virus can cause anterior horn syndrome with depressed DTRs
west nile
patchy involvement of anterior motor neurons with sparing of the long tracts
WNV (poliomyelitis)
innervation to the […] is carried laterally in the corticospinal path
legs
innervation to the […] is carried medially in the corticospinal path
arms
PLS only involves the […] tracts
lateral corticospinal
(UMN symptoms of corticospinal tract)
a patient with PLS will not show […] signs
LMN
(UMN signs of corticospinal tract only)
in conus medullaris syndrome, weakness and saddle anesthesia are almost always […]
bilateral
in cauda equina syndrome, weakness and saddle anesthesia can be […]
unilateral
why does conus medullaris always cause bilateral involvement?
its very small, so structural lesions affect it bilaterally
in cauda equina syndrome incontinence can occur, but it is usually only […] and occurs […] in the course
urine
late in the course
involvement of the gray matter of the spinal cord will cause […] symptoms at that level
LMN
sharp, shooting pain is classic for [radiculopathy/myelopathy]
radiculopathy
[…] abuse causes irreversible inactivation of B12, causing SCD
nitric oxide
(B12 levels can still be normal)
cerebellar tonsils hanging below the foramen magnum
chiari I malformation
(causes syringomyelia at cervical cord-central cord syndrome)
fluid-filled cavity at the center of the cord that causes symptoms from outward pressure
syrinx
extradural tumors in adults [2]
cordoma
sarcoma
intradural tumors in adults [2]
most common
meningiomas
neurofibromas
intramedullary tumors in adults [2]
gliomas
ependyomas
(cause central cord syndrome)
spinal cord transections above the thoracic intermediolateral system can cause […]
autonomic dysreflexia
unopposed sympathetic charges triggered by intense stimuli below the level of the lesion
autonomic dysreflexia
(can cause compensatory increase in parasympathetic tone above the level of lesion- flushing, sweating, increased secretions)
triggers for autonomic dysreflexia [3]
pressure sores
bladder distension
fecal impaction
when does a patient require cervical immobilization after a trauma?
not alert
alert and experience neck pain/tenderness
intoxicated
abnormal neuro exam
reduced ROM
sepsis might suggest […] compressing the cord
epidural abscess
established cause of paraplegia in elderly men
dural AV fistula
how does AV fistula cause spinal cord ischemia?
creates venous congestion and backflow
poliomyelitis is an […] syndrome
anterior horn
excessive […] can decrease copper absorption in the diet, causing an SCD presentation
zinc
main cause of zinc toxicity
denture creams
tumors causing central cord syndrome [2]
glioma
ependymoma
