Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMB Test 1 > B7-020 Weakness and Spasticity > Flashcards

B7-020 Weakness and Spasticity Flashcards

1
Q

paresis definition

A

weakness (partial paralysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

-plegia definition

A

no movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

UMN weakness in the upper extremities preferentially effects which muscle groups? [2]

A

extensors
abductors

(will hold affected limb flexed and adductor due to weakness in extensors and abductors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

UMN weakness in the lower extremities effect which muscle groups? [2]

A

dorsiflexion
ankle eversion

(why foot drop can be caused by UMN lesion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

UMN lesion results in more severe weakness [distal/proximal]

A

distally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what grades of deep tendon reflexes are considered abnormal

A

0 and 4

1,2,3 can be considered normal but comparing to the other side is essential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

acute UMN lesions can caused […] reflexes

A

decreased

(such as large stroke, spinal shock)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 most common pathologic reflexes caused by UMN lesions

A

plantar response
Hoffman’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is considered an abnormal plantar (Babinki’s) response?

A

extension of big toe and fanning of other toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is considered an abnormal Hoffman’s sign?

A

1st and 2nd digit flexion after 3rd digit tapping

meaningful if unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

severe denervation atrophy indicates […] lesions

A

LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mild disuse atrophy indicates […] lesion

A

UMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hyporeflexia indicates […] lesion

A

LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hyperreflexia indicates […] lesion

A

UMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hallmark of spasticity

A

more speed, more resistance
different direction, more resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

[spasticity/rigidity] is velocity independent

A

rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

[…] numbers indicate a worse prognosis on the modified Ashworth scale

A

higher

(higher numbers indicate more spasticity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

decreased muscle stretch reflexes indicates […] lesion

A

LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

absent pathological reflexes indicates […] lesion

A

LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

normal tone indicates […] lesion

A

LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

increased spasticity indicates […] lesion

A

UMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

present pathological reflexes indicates […] lesion

A

UMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

increased muscle stretch receptors indicates […] lesion

A

UMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

[spasticity/rigidity] is velocity dependent

A

spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe the LMN motor unit

A

anterior horn cell + all the muscle fibers it innervates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

diffuse bilateral weakness without hyperreflexia or pathological reflexes
without numbness

A

diffuse LMN problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

diffuse bilateral weakness without symptoms in the arms/face

A

think midline structural process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

generalized LMN weakness and numbness

A

peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

generalized LMN weakness with normal sensation
arreflexia
[2]

A

motor peripheral neuropathy
anterior horn cell problem (west nile)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

generalized LMN weakness with normal sensation
preserved reflexes
[2]

A

NMJ disease
muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

UMN has more influence on […] and […] in the upper extremities

A

extensors
abductors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

standard scale to measure tone

A

Ashworth scale

33
Q

severe weakness on one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

34
Q

what grade on the MRC scale does this describe:
normal power

A

5

35
Q

what grade on the MRC scale does this describe:
able to move joint against gravity and some resistance

A

4

36
Q

what grade on the MRC scale does this describe:
active movement against gravity but no resistance

A

3

37
Q

what grade on the MRC scale does this describe:
able to move joint with gravity eliminated (PROM)

A

2

38
Q

what grade on the MRC scale does this describe:
trace contraction, no joint movement

A

1

39
Q

what grade on the MRC scale does this describe:
no contraction

A

0

40
Q

what grade on the DTR scale does this describe:
no reflex

A

0

41
Q

what grade on the DTR scale does this describe:
reflex only with reinforcement (distraction)

A

1

42
Q

what grade on the DTR scale does this describe:
reflex without reinforcement (normal)

A

2

43
Q

what grade on the DTR scale does this describe:
reflex spreads to other muscles

A

3

44
Q

what grade on the DTR scale does this describe:
clonus

A

4

45
Q

UMN + LMN signs with normal sensation asymmetric weakness
bulbar dysfunction

A

ALS

46
Q

bulbar dysfunction seen in ALS [2]

A

dysarthia
dysphagia

commonly of oral pharyngeal muscles

47
Q

LMN weakness and normal sensation with preserved reflexes is an extremely important clue to a lesion at the […] or […]

A

NMJ junction or muscle

can do a CK to differentiate

48
Q

often have proximal weakness
without pain
CK usually elevated

A

myopathy

49
Q

LMN signs with absent DTRs indicate a lesion in […] or […]

A

anterior horn cell
peripheral nerve

numbness indicates peripheral nerve

50
Q

baby with:
reduced/abset DTRs
severe and diffuse weakness that spares the facial and oculomotor muscles

A

spinal muscle atrophy 1
(Werdnig-Hoffman)

51
Q

spinal muscle atrophy 1
(Werdnig-Hoffman) is caused by a deletion in […] gene on chromosome 5

A

SMN

52
Q

treatment for spinal muscle atrophy 1
(Werdnig-Hoffman)

A

Neusinersen

53
Q

proximal and distal weakness
frontal balding, temporal wasting, ptosis
muscle myotonia (hard to relax)

A

myotonic dystrophy

54
Q

most common muscular dystrophy in adults

A

myotonic dystrophy

55
Q

hemiparesis of:
lower face
Arm UMN
leg UMN

where is the lesion?

A

lesion above the brainstem on contralateral side

56
Q

pattern:
lower face
arm UMN
brachio facial

where is the lesion?

A

lesion above the brainstem on contralateral side likely in the lateral cortex affecting the lateral part of the motor homunculus

57
Q

pattern:
arm UMN
leg UMN
brachio-crural

where is the lesion? [2]

A

lesion above the brainstem on contralateral side in the medial cortex affecting the medial part of the motor homunculus

or ipsilateral lesion in cervical spine on

58
Q

pattern:
UMN arm
monoparesis

where is the lesion?

A

discrete lesion in contralateral cerebral hemisphere in cortex

59
Q

pattern:
LMN arm
monoparesis

where is the lesion?

A

cervical roots
brachial plexus
nerves of supper extremity
(ipsilateral)

60
Q

pattern:
arm LMN
ipsilateral leg UMN

where is the lesion?

A

ipsilateral spinal cord & root

myeloradiculopathy

61
Q

pattern:
leg UMN

where is the lesion?

A

discrete lesion of contralateral medial cortex

or in ipsilateral thoracic cord

62
Q

patterns:
bilateral leg UMN
paraparesis

where is the lesion? [2]

A

discrete lesion of parasagittal region

or midline thoracic spinal cord

63
Q

pattern:
bilateral arm UMN
bilateral leg UMN
quadraparesis

where’s the lesion?

A

high cervical spinal cord

64
Q

pattern:
bilateral leg LMN

where’s the lesion?

A

lumbosacral cord (cauda equina)

65
Q

pattern:
bilateral arm LMN
bilateral leg UMN
face spared

where’s the lesion?

A

central cord lesion in mid to low cervical spinal cord

66
Q

pattern:
bilateral face LMN
bilateral arm LMN
bilateral leg LMN
generalized LMN weakness
arreflexia

where’s the lesion?

A

diffuse disease affecting the lower motor unit (anterior horn cell or peripheral nerve)

67
Q

generalized LMN weakness and numbness

A

peripheral neuropathy

68
Q

simultaneous involvement of both upper and lower motor neurons are hallmarks of

A

ALS

69
Q

generalized weakness without numbness
preserved reflexes
absence of bulbar or ocular symptoms

A

muscle problem

70
Q

weakness with preserved reflexes
prominent ocular or bulbar symptoms

A

NMJ problem

71
Q

IBM most severely affects the […] flexors and […] extensors

A

finger/wrist flexors
knee extensors

72
Q

difficulty releasing his grip after grasping an object

A

myotonic dystrophy

73
Q

bulbar symptoms
bilateral proximal weakness
preserved reflexes
absence of numbness
fluctuations of symptoms throughout the day

A

NMJ problem

74
Q

people that have highly developed fine motor skills can present with

A

a very discreet lesion affecting a limited area

(because larger area of cortex has been allocated to those movements)

75
Q

overtreatment with Baclofen can cause

A

severe weakness

(lessen dose)

76
Q

in the internal capsule, UMN serving the […] are located in the genu

A

face

77
Q

in the internal capsule, UMN serving the […] are located in the posterior part of the posterior limb

A

leg

78
Q

in the internal capsule, UMN serving the […] are located intermediately between the genu and posterior limb

A

arms

79
Q

neurogenic claudication
relieved with flexion (sitting, leaning forward, or resting)
worsens with extension (walking)

A

spinal stenosis compressing cauda equina

BMB Test 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions