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BMB Test 4 > B7-079 Pharmacology of Used and Misused Substances > Flashcards

B7-079 Pharmacology of Used and Misused Substances Flashcards

1
Q

used as analgesics, cough suppressants, and antidiarrheals

A

opioids

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2
Q

opioids [4]

A

morphine
oxycodone
fentanyl
heroin

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3
Q

[…] strongly influences the magnitude of euphoria of opioids

A

route of administration

(IV> intranasal > oral)

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4
Q

[…] preparations of opioids are particularly prone to causing dependence

A

time-release

(oxycontin)

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5
Q

cross the placenta, so fetal addiction can occur

A

opioids

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6
Q

produce really profound tolerance, from the first dose

A

opioids

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7
Q

tolerance to opioids develops to all pharmacologic effects except [2]

A

miosis
constipation

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8
Q

opioid withdrawal is not particularly life threatening, but can cause severe

A

dehydration

(“everything wet”: vomiting diarrhea, lacrimation, rhinorrhea)

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9
Q

why are you more likely to overdose on opioids following withdrawal?

A

tolerance to respiratory depression is one of the first things to reverse

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10
Q

oral opioid agonist

A

methadone

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11
Q

mu opioid partial agonist

A

buprenorphine

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12
Q

antagonizes the euphoric effects of full mu agonists

A

buprenorphine

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13
Q

mu agonist with lower risk of overdose

A

buprenorphine

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14
Q

prototype opioid antagonist

A

naloxone

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15
Q

used for acute opioid overdose

A

naloxone

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16
Q

IV administration of [,..] can precipitate opioid withdrawal symptoms

A

naloxone

(due to instant blocking of mu receptors)

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17
Q

parenteral only, so only used for acute opioid overdose

A

naloxone

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18
Q

oral/IM depot opioid antagonist

A

naltrexone

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19
Q

used to prevent relapse in recovering (already abstinent) individuals

A

naltrexone

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20
Q

used for management of opioid withdrawal symptoms

A

lofexidine

(maintains withdrawal symptoms)

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21
Q

stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and reticular activating system

A

sympathomimetics/psychostimulants

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22
Q

systemic effects of sympathomimetics/psychostimulants [3]

A

pupillary dilation
increased BP
increased HR

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23
Q

inhibits dopamine re-uptake

A

cocaine

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24
Q

can be used as a topical anesthetic for mucous membranes

A

cocaine

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25
Q

cocaine has a […] duration of action

A

short

10-30 min

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26
Q

less associated with tolerance (due to short DOA) than other addictive drugs, but cravings can be very strong

A

cocaine

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27
Q

amphetamines [3]

A

d-amphetamine
methamphetamine
methylphenidate

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28
Q

amphetamines can be used clinically to treat [3]

A

ADHD
narcolepsy
obesity

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29
Q

release and block the re-uptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

A

amphetamines

30
Q

longest lasting amphetamine with more pronounced central effects

A

methamphetamine

(why it has greater misuse)

31
Q

side effects of amphetamines [3]

A

insomnia
anorexia
weight loss

32
Q

long term use of amphetamines can lead to

A

psychosis

33
Q

amphetamine derivative with greater serotonergic activity

A

MDMA

34
Q

can cause hyperthermia at high doses

A

MDMA

35
Q

causes jaw clenching, tachycardia, and muscle aches

A

MDMA

36
Q

can cause depletion of serotonin, which can be permanent with repeated use

A

MDMA

37
Q

experimental treatment for PTSD

A

MDMA

38
Q

classes of hallucinogens [2]

A

psychedelics
dissociative

39
Q

psychedelics [3]

A

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
mescaline
psilocybin

40
Q

derived from mushrooms

A

psilocybin

41
Q

derived from peyote cactus
traditionally used for ritual purposes

A

mescaline

42
Q

halos, color tails, objects morphing are examples of […] caused by psychedelics

A

visual hallucinations

43
Q

synesthesia, time distortion, and parasthesias are examples of […] caused by psychedelics

A

perceptual distubances

44
Q

alter cognition and perception occurring in a lucid state

A

psychedelics

45
Q

rapid tolerance occurs, but do not cause physiological dependence

A

psychedelics

46
Q

psychedelics have various effects on the […] system

A

serotonergic

47
Q

dissociative hallucinogens [3]

A

phencyclidine (PCP)
ketamine
dextromethorphan

48
Q

anesthetic also used as experimental treatment for depression

A

ketamine

49
Q

OTC opioid cough suppressant that can cause hallucinations at high doses

A

dextromethorphan

50
Q

cause feelings of disconnection from the body and external reality

A

dissociative hallucinogens

51
Q

cause emotional withdrawal, apathy and impaired memory

A

dissociative hallucinogens

52
Q

dissociative hallucinogens, especially […] can cause hostile behavior

A

PCP

53
Q

noncompetitive NMDA antagonists

A

dissociative hallucinogens

54
Q

can cause user to be hostile, omnipotent, and resistant to pain

A

dissociative hallucinogens

particularly PCP and ketamine

55
Q

causes CNS effects via CB1 receptors

A

cannabinoids

56
Q

major active compounds of cannabis [2]

A

9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
cannabidiol (CBD)

57
Q

which active compound of cannabis is non-psychoactive?

A

cannabidiol (CBD)

58
Q

accumulates in adipose
detectable in urine for 3 weeks after cessation

A

9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

59
Q

compound of cannabis that has clinical use as anticonvulsant

A

cannabidiol (CBD)

60
Q

opioids cause pupillary […]

A

constriction

61
Q

hallucinogens cause pupillary […]

A

dilation

62
Q

amphetamines cause pupillary […]

A

dilation

63
Q

decreased appetite, weight loss, and insomnia would be signs of […] use

A

psychostimulant

64
Q

indirect agonists of dopamine and norepinephrine

A

amphetamines

(acts on transporter to release and block re-uptake = indirect)

65
Q

methamphetamine is clinically approved for treatment of

A

ADHD
obesity

(but not recommended for either)

66
Q

phencyclidine (PCP) blocks the […] receptor ion channel

A

NMDA

67
Q

what neurotransmitter mediates the euphoric and reinforcing effects of all drugs of abuse

A

dopamine

(mesolimbic pathway from VTA to nucleus accumbens)

68
Q

tolerance of what effects of oxycodone are typically seen early [3]

A

sedation
respiratory depression
analgesia

69
Q

used to prevent relapse in abstinent opioid addicts

A

naltrexone

70
Q

used as substitution therapies in opioid addicts [2]

A

buprenorphine
methadone

BMB Test 4 (14 decks)

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