Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMB Test 4 > B7-077 Substance Use Disorder > Flashcards

B7-077 Substance Use Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

all drugs of abuse reinforce behavior patterns through the mesolimbic system, projecting from the […] to the […] in the brain

A

VTA
nucleus accumbens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

[…] onset maximizes reward

A

rapid onset

(IV > smoked > oral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why is fentanyl more potent than morphine?

A

highly lipophilic (penetrates the BBB faster)

allows for dermal and intranasal administration (typically has poor GI absorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why are “free based” forms of cocaine and nicotine more addictive?

A

substance has been chemically altered to be more potent and volatile, allowing for more rapid onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

initial drug exposure engages emotional regulation and neuroplasticity to cause what effects on in the brain? [2]

A

salient pleasurable effect

imprinted positive memory tied to first

(incentive salience)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

conditioned response from subsequent exposure to drugs

A

cue-induced cravings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cue exposure, reactivity, and craving predict […] and use

A

relapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

addiction cycle

A

incentive salience
withdrawal
euphoric recall/positive expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adaptive neuro changes after repeated exposure/withdrawal cycles [3]

A

diminished drug effects
reward deficit, stress reactivity
impaired executive function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

brain structure involved in the binge/intoxication stage

A

basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

brain structure involved in the withdrawal stage

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

brain structure involved in the preoccupation/anticipation stage

A

frontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

most drug use begins in

A

adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

developmental process of addiction

A

predisposing factors –> adolescent developmental processes –> maintenance –> addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

risk factors for SUD

A

family history
early onset of drug abuse
environmental exposures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

genes impacting […] of drug use are specific to individual substance

A

progression

(she mentioned maybe having a variant of mu receptor making you less likely to use opioids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

genes impacting […] of drug use are a common set of gene across all substances

A

initiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SUD often co-occurs with

A

mental illnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2-3 symptoms of SUD is […]

A

mild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4-5 symptoms of SUD is […]

A

moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

6-7 symptoms of SUD is […]

A

severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

stimulants cause extensive cardiac side effects due to

A

vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

[…] drugs can cause septal damage, loss of smell

A

snorting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

[…] drug use can transmit infections and cause vascular problems

A

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

[…] drugs can cause pulmonary issues

A

smoking

26
Q

[…] can cause more severe damage to the brain and more extensive psychiatric side effects due to longer half life

A

methamphetamine

27
Q

can cause wooden chest syndrome

A

fentanyl

(makes it hard to do CPR)

28
Q

physical indicators of drug abuse

A

scarring from repeated IV injections

29
Q

drug addiction commonly intersect the […] system

A

criminal justice

30
Q

treatment of SUD should be greater than

A

3 months

(6 months is optimal)

31
Q

look and react normally to the stimuli
accept and notice without judgement

what behavioral technique?

A

mindfulness

32
Q

thinking about the affects of the drug now and how it will impact you later is a an example of […] therapy

A

CBT

33
Q

therapies providing the most benefit to people with SUD [2]

A

CBT
mindfulness practice

34
Q

mu agonist that reduces withdrawal symptoms and craving

A

methadone

35
Q

is administered orally to slow action and reduce reinforcement value

A

methadone

36
Q

relieves cravings without producing a high but may induce withdrawal in dependent individuals

A

buprenorphine

37
Q

mu partial agonist

A

buprenorphine

38
Q

mu antagonist

A

naltrexone

39
Q

blocks the actions of opioids
indicated to reduce relapse

A

naltrexone

40
Q

access to […] is very tightly controlled and only available in urban populations

A

methadone

41
Q

can be prescribed from a physician office but requires specialized training to manage risk of precipitated withdrawal

A

buprenorphine

42
Q

incentive salience is mediated through what brain structure

A

nucleus accumbens

(reward and reinforcement pathway)

43
Q

adaptive changes in the […] are associated with emotional dysregulation in SUD

A

amygdala

44
Q

adaptive changes in the […] are associated with behavioral dysregulation in SUD

A

frontal cortex

45
Q

infections transmittable by IV drug use [3]

A

hep C
HIV
vasculitis

46
Q

how do opioids increase brain dopamine

A

inhibition of GABA interneurons in the ventral tegmental area

47
Q

how do cocaine/methamphetamines increase brain dopamine

A

direct activation of dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens

48
Q

adaptations in the […] contribute to reward deficit syndrome (withdrawal, negative affect)

A

amygdala

49
Q

stress reactivity is related to adaptations in the […]

A

amygdala

50
Q

physiological response to repeated use/withdrawal cycles leading to diminished drug effects

A

tolerance

51
Q

high levels of dopamine produced by cocaine and meth can lead to […]

A

psychosis

52
Q

cognitive impairment and ulcers can occur with prolonged cocaine use due to repeated […]

A

vasoconstriction

53
Q

major center for emotional regulation

A

amygdala

54
Q

adaptive changes in the […] lead to reward deficit syndrome, increased stress reactivity, and emotional deregulation

A

amygdala

55
Q

the […] is involved in reward and reinforment

A

nucleus accumbens

56
Q

the […] is involved with executive functioning

A

prefrontal cortex

57
Q

which drug in the treatment of opioid use disorder prevents withdrawal?

A

methadone

58
Q

does methadone lead to abstinence?

A

no, just subs a safer substance

59
Q

can methadone be injected?

A

yes, sometimes addicts will inject it for greater effects but it can cause fatal overdose

60
Q

cues associated with drug use (such as paraphernalia) can elicit pronounced […]

A

cravings

61
Q

genetic risk for the development of SUD is […]

A

complex, multifactorial

62
Q

the presence of SUD in family members is correlated with [4]

A

earlier age of substance use
genetic risk of SUD
initiation of drug use
poor course of SUD illness

BMB Test 4 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions