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BMB Test 4 > B7-069 Drugs for Mood Disorders > Flashcards

B7-069 Drugs for Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

depression is treated with

A

antidepressants

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2
Q

periods of mania or hypomania alternating with periods of depression or euthymia

A

bipolar disorder

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3
Q

bipolar disorder is treated with

A

mood stabilizing agents

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4
Q

the mechanism of all […] involves increasing synaptic availability of NE and/or serotonin

A

antidepressants

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5
Q

antidepressants requires […] of treatment before maximal effects are achieved

A

several weeks

(delayed effect of antipsychotics is much longer)

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6
Q

ultimate effect of antidepressants may be related to [3]

A

secondary changes in receptors
increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor
cognitive changes

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7
Q

MOA of MAOIs

A

irreversibly inhibit MAO-a (NE and 5-HT) and MAO-b (DA)

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8
Q

MAOIs [2]

A

phenelzine
tranycypromine

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9
Q

side effects of MAOIs [3]

A

postural hypotension
weight gain
sexual dysfunction

(due to effects at many receptors, not used often anymore)

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10
Q

taking MAOIs in conjunction with tyramine-containing foods can cause

A

hypertensive crisis

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11
Q

MAOIs have numerous drug interactions that can lead to potentially fatal […] if administered with other drugs that increase 5-HT availability

A

serotonin syndrome

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12
Q

tremor, muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, hypertension, tachycardia, myoclonus are symptoms of […]

A

serotonin syndrome

HAHA= Hyperthermia, Autonomic dysfunction, Hyperreflexia, Altered mental status

serotonin syndrome is no joke, HAHA

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13
Q

wait […] after stopping MAOIs before starting serotonergic drugs or stopping dietary restrictions

A

two weeks

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14
Q

-iptyline
-ipramine

are what class?

A

tricyclic antidepressants

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15
Q

tricyclic antidepressants she said to know [3]

A

amitriptyline
nortriptyline
clomipramine (newer)

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16
Q

inhibit the reuptake of NE or serotonin at the NE and 5-HT transporters

A

TCAs

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17
Q

potent antagonists at cholinergic, histaminergic, and a-adrenergic receptors

A

TCAs

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18
Q

minor side effects of TCAs [4]

A

anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, dementia, blurry vision)
orthostatic hypotension
weight gain
sexual dysfunction

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19
Q

present a major suicide risk

A

TCAs

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20
Q

overdose/interactions of TCAs [4]

A

Coma
Arrhythmias
Seizures
Cardiac Effects

Tri-CyCliCs (3 Cs): Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxicity

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21
Q

-etine
-prams

what class are these?

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

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22
Q

SSRIs she said to know [5]

A

fluoxetine
sertraline
paroxetine
citalopram
escitalopram

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23
Q

inhibit 5-HT reuptake

A

SSRIs

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24
Q

minor side effects of SSRIs [3]

A

GI symptoms
decrease libido
sexual dysfunction

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25
Q

what SSRI is particularly known to cause GI effects?

A

fluoxetine

26
Q

SSRIs that are CYP2D6 inhibitors [2]

A

fluoxetine
paroxetine

27
Q

SSRI with active metabolites and have really long half life

A

fluoxetine

28
Q

5-HT and NE uptake inhibitors

A

SNRIs

29
Q

SNRIs she said to know [3]

A

duloxetine
venlafaxine
milnacipran

30
Q

NRI (NE uptake inhibitor) [1]

A

maprotiline

31
Q

increases 5-HT and NE release by blocking a-2 receptors on nerve terminals

A

mirtazapine

(mirtAzApine = 2 a-s, a2 receptors)

32
Q

inhibits dopamine reuptake

A

bupropion

33
Q

what atypical antipsychotic has a lower incidence of sexual dysfunction compared to SSRIs?

A

bupropion

34
Q

sedating at sub-antidepressant doses

primarily used hypnotic and pre-anesthetic

A

trazodone

35
Q

can cause priapism

A

trazodone

36
Q

dopamine antagonist
causes EPS and tardive dyskinesia

A

amoxapine

TCA

37
Q

non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist

A

esketamine

38
Q

nasal spray used for treatment-resistant depression

A

esketamine

39
Q

neuroactive steroid GABA-a receptor positive modulator but mechanism not fully understood

A

brexanolone

40
Q

approved for postpartum depression

A

brexanolone

41
Q

antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in […]

A

children

42
Q

what classes can be used to treat generalized anxiety and panic disorder? [3]

A

SSRIs
TCAs
MAOIs

43
Q

can be used to treat OCD [2]

A

SSRIs
clomipramine (TCA)

44
Q

mood stabilizers to prevent mood swings in bipolar disorder [4]

A

lithium carbonate
valproic acid
carbamazepine
lamotrigine

45
Q

may affect the arachidonic acid signaling

A

lithium

46
Q

therapeutic levels of lithium are reached in […] days

A

6-10 days

47
Q

more than […]% of lithium is excreted in urine

A

95%

48
Q

side effects of lithium [3]

A

tremor
acne
polydipsia/polyuria (DI)

49
Q

is lithium safe in pregnancy?

A

no-cardiac abnormalities

50
Q

antidepressant most likely to cause arrhythmias

A

amitriptyline

51
Q

inhibits dopamine uptake and has notable side effects including anxiety, agitation, and increased risk of seizures

A

bupropion

52
Q

newest TCA with much improved side effect profile

A

clomipramine

53
Q

inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and NE
does not have a TCA structure
low risk of fatal overdose

A

duloxetine

SNRI

54
Q

the tyramine in certain wines and cheeses can cause sympathetic crisis if consumed with

A

MAOIs

55
Q

taking SSRIs with […] can greatly increase the risk of serotonin syndrome

A

MAOIs

56
Q

antidepressants safe for older people with orthostatic hypotension

A

SSRI

57
Q

common adverse effects of lithium

A

nausea/vomiting
polydipsia
tremor
acne

58
Q

anticonvulsants that are also effective mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder [2]

A

carbamazepine
valproic acid

59
Q

antipsychotic used in the treatment of acute mania

A

haloperidol

60
Q

is lithium a teratogen?

A

yes

BMB Test 4 (14 decks)

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