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BMB Test 4 > B7-075 ADHD > Flashcards

B7-075 ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

ADHD onsets before the age of […], but diagnosis can only be established after age […]

A

ADHD onsets before the age of [12], but diagnosis can only be established after age [4]

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2
Q

diagnostic criteria of ADHD requires symptoms occurring in […] setting

A

two or more

(i.e. school, home, church, etc) (helps rule out environmental factors)

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3
Q

ADHD is associated with […] intelligence, but often coexists difficulties at school or other cognitive disorders

A

normal

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4
Q

three stages of attention

A
  1. alerting
  2. orienting
  3. executive attention
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5
Q

the ability to maintain attention over long periods of time

A

alerting

(vigilance, sustained attention)

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6
Q

the ability to limit attention to a subset of possible sensory inputs

A

orienting

(selective attention, divided attention)

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7
Q

the ability to prioritize attention in the context of competing demands

A

executive attention

(conflict monitoring, attention switching)

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8
Q

ADHD was first introduced to the DSM III as

A

ADD

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9
Q

a diagnosis of ADHD requires symptoms of […] and […]

A

inattention
hyperactivity/impulsivity

(six symptoms within six months that have direct negative impacts on social/occupational functioning)

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10
Q

diagnostic criteria requires ADHD symptoms present before age

A

12

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11
Q

subtype: both inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsivity criteria are met

A

combined presentation

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12
Q

subtype: inattention criteria are met; hyperactivity/ impulsivity criteria are not met

A

predominantly inattentive presentation

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13
Q

subtype: inattention criteria are not met; hyperactivity/ impulsivity criteria are met

A

predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation

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14
Q

[boys/girls] are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD

A

boys

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15
Q

diagnosis of ADHD in […] may require ancillary information

A

adults

(family members, academic documentation, etc)

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16
Q

way to differentiate ADHD from other psychiatric disorders like anxiety, OCD, etc

A

ADHD must have long history, back to childhood

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17
Q

ADHD is correlated with high incidence of lifetime diagnosis of [4]

A

anxiety disorders
MDD
antisocial personality disorder
alcohol/drug dependencies

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18
Q

activity of the Default Mode Network is found to […] in activity during attention-demanding tasks in ADHD

A

decrease

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19
Q

neurotransmitters implicated in ADHD

A

dopamine
NE

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20
Q

structures implicated in ADHD [4]

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
cingulate
caudate
putamen

(he referred to cingulate + caudate + putamen as frontostriatal circuit)

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21
Q

stimulant medications for ADHD [2]

A

methylphenidate
amphetamine

22
Q

non-stimulant medications for ADHD [4]

A

atomoxetine
bupropion
guanfacine
clonidine

23
Q

first choice medication for ADHD in children

A

methylphenidate

24
Q

first choice medication for ADHD in adults

A

amphetamines

25
Q

aspects of CBT that can be helpful in ADHD [4]

A

psychoeducation and organization/planning
problem solving skills
managing distractibility
relapse prevention

26
Q

the inability to engage in leisure activities quietly and difficulty waiting one’s turn are examples of

A

hyperactivity/impulsivity

27
Q

losing things, trouble organizing, and task avoidance are examples of

A

inattention

28
Q

the number of symptoms required to diagnose a subtype of ADHD is

A

6

(out of 9)

29
Q

[…]% of children with ADHD have another mental, emotional, or behavioral condition

A

60

30
Q

when diagnosing adults, […] can be unreliable so ancillary information is used

A

retrospective recall

31
Q

adderall and vyvanse are

A

amphetamines

32
Q

ritalin and concerta are

A

methylphenidate

33
Q

what attention system is responsible for achieving and maintaining alertness?

A

alerting

34
Q

what attention system helps in preparing the mind for processing incoming stimuli?

A

alerting

35
Q

what attention system is responsible for directing attention to specific locations in the brain?

A

orienting

36
Q

what attention system helps in selecting information from sensory inputs?

A

orienting

37
Q

what attention system is responsible for controlling and regulating cognitive processes?

A

executive

38
Q

what attention system helps in high cognitive functions such as goal setting, planning, and decision making?

A

executive

39
Q

what attention system is composed of the brainstem and subcortical structures?

A

alerting

40
Q

what attention system is composed of the neocortex, particularly the parietal lobe?

A

orienting

41
Q

what attention system is composed of the neocortex, particularly the frontal lobe?

A

executive

42
Q

involves interacting brain regions that are active when a person is not focused on the outside world

A

default mode network (DMN)

43
Q

engagement and disengagement from the […] is impaired in ADHD

A

default mode network

44
Q

like all neuropsych disorders, symptoms must interfere with […] functioning to be diagnosed

A

social/occupational

45
Q

implicated in working memory and complex attention

A

DLPFC

46
Q

to meet criteria for diagnosis, symptoms of ADHD must be present in […] setting

A

more than one

47
Q

what disorders should be ruled out in the diagnosis of ADHD [4]

A

anxiety disoder
conduct disorder
MDD
oppositional defiant disorder

48
Q

what combination of therapies is most effective in treating ADHD

A

psychostimulants + behavioral treatments

49
Q

symptoms must be present before the age of

A

12

50
Q

albuterol can […] symptoms of ADHD

A

exacerbate

51
Q

comorbid […] disorders can co-exist with ADHD

A

anxiety

52
Q

most prominent demographic factor associated with ADHD diagnosis

A

sex

(males more likely to be diagnosed than females)

BMB Test 4 (14 decks)

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