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BMB Test 4 > B7-072 Psychosis/Schizophrenia > Flashcards

B7-072 Psychosis/Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

a severe mental disorder in which the patient has lost contact with external reality

A

psychosis

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2
Q

positive symptoms of psychosis [4]

A

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized thinking
abnormal behavior

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3
Q

negative symptoms of psychosis [2]

A

diminished emotional expression
avolitional (lack of motivation)

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4
Q

all symptoms of psychosis are caused by abnormal […] processes

A

cognitive

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5
Q

fixed belief that’s not changeable despite conflicting evidence

A

delusion

(can be bizarre or not bizzare)

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6
Q

perceptual experiences without external stimulus

any sensory modality, but auditory is most common

A

hallucinations

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7
Q

thought disorder inferred from patients speech

loose associations, tangents, incoherence

A

disorganized thinking

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8
Q

thought disorder that affects relationships and associations among words used to express thought

thoughts may be unrelated, blocking thoughts

A

formal thought disorder

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9
Q

thought disorder that involves the development of delusions

A

disorder of thought content

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10
Q

many manifestations ranging from childlike behaviors to difficulty with goal-directed behaviors or catatonia

A

disorganized behavior

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11
Q

negativism, bizarre posture, mutism, and excessive motor activity are all examples of

A

disorganized behavior

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12
Q

schizophrenic diagnostic criteria must include at least 1 of the following [3]

A

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech

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13
Q

active phase of schizophrenia requires […] or more symptoms present for a significant period of time during a […] month period

A

active phase of schizophrenia requires [2] or more symptoms present for a significant period of time during a [1] month period

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14
Q

schizophrenia diagnosis requires signs of disturbance for […], with at least one month of active phase symptoms

A

6 months

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15
Q

if the patient is having symptoms of schizophrenia for less than 6 months, do they meet diagnostic criteria?

A

no

may meet criteria for schizophreniform disorder though

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16
Q

schizophrenia technically meets the same criteria as […]

A

dementia

“dementia praecox”

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17
Q

what features help distinguish schizophrenia from other dementias

A

young age of onset
positive symptoms
normal elementary neuro exam
clear sensorium
no obvious pathology

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18
Q

is there a genetic component to schizophrenia?

A

yes,
higher risk for family members with schizophrenia

but most cases are sporadic

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19
Q

describe the course of schizophrenia

A

25% full remission
25% mild residual symptoms
50% moderate to severe symptoms

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20
Q

associated with altered dopaminergic activity, increased serotonin activity, and decreased dendrite branching

A

schizophrenia

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21
Q

cause of schizophrenia

A

genetic predisposition + triggering environmental event

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22
Q

cluster A personality disorder that also falls on the schizophrenia spectrum

A

schizotypal personality disorder

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23
Q

may include brief psychotic episodes that are less frequent and severe than schizophrenia

“schizophrenia lite”

A

schizotypal personality disorder

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24
Q

one or more delusions lasting more than one month

without a mood disorder or other psychotic symptoms

A

delusional disoder

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25
Q

daily functioning may be impacted by the pathological, fixed belief but is otherwise unaffected

A

delusional disorder

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26
Q

erotomanic (believes a specific person loves them)
grandiose
persecutory
jealous
somatic

are all types of […] disoder

A

delusional disorder

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27
Q

one or more positive symptoms lasting between 1 day and 1 month

usually stress related

A

brief psychotic disorder

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28
Q

two or more symptoms lasting 1-6 months

expectation is they will return to full level of functioning

A

schizophreniform disorder

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29
Q

shares symptoms with both schizophrenia and MDD or bipolar disorder

A

schizoaffective disorder

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30
Q

patient must have two or more weeks of psychotic symptoms without a manic or depressive episode

A

schizoaffective disorder

(differentiates this from MDD with pyschosis)

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31
Q

antagonizing the effects of dopamine in the basal ganglia and limbic system

A

antipsychotics

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32
Q

[first or second gen antipsychotics]

D2 antagonist

A

first

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33
Q

[first or second gen antipsychotics]

more worsening negative symptoms

A

first

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34
Q

[first or second gen antipsychotics]

more parkinsonism

A

first

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35
Q

[first or second gen antipsychotics]

more hyperkinetic complications

A

first

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36
Q

[first or second gen antipsychotics]

D2 and 5-HT anatagonist

A

second

37
Q

[first or second gen antipsychotics]

less worsening of negative symptoms

A

second

38
Q

[first or second gen antipsychotics]

less parkinsonism/hyperkinetic complications

A

second

39
Q

[first or second gen antipsychotics]

metabolic syndromes

A

second

40
Q

first generation antipsychotics [4]

A

haloperidol
chlorpromazine
fluphenazine
thioridazine

41
Q

second generation antipsychotics [4]

A

risperidone
ziprasidone
quetiapine
olanzapine

42
Q

[…] formulations of antipsychotics can help improve compliance

A

depot

fluphenazine

43
Q

DOC in treatment resistant schizophrenia

A

clozapine

(more effective than other antipsychotics)

44
Q

causes agranulocytosis

A

clozapine

45
Q

atypical antipsychotic with complex receptor affinity

A

clozapine

46
Q

interaction with […] induces P450 to metabolize clozapine

A

nicotine

( alot of patients with schizophrenia smoke)

47
Q

partial D2 agonist
5 HT antagonist

A

aripiprazole

48
Q

major complication of second generation antipsychotics

A

metabolic syndrome

49
Q

postural tremor greater than resting tremor

A

drug-induced Parkinsonism

50
Q

[…] antagonists can cause drug-induced Parkinsonism

A

dopamine

(more likely to be 1st gen)

51
Q

drug-induced Parkinsonism is reversible in […] months

A

6

52
Q

severe onset of akinetic rigid syndrome

A

malignant neuroleptic syndrome

53
Q

symptoms of malignant neuroleptic syndrome

A

Myoglobinuria
Fever
Encephalopathy
Vitals unstable
Enzymes (CK high)
Rigidity

Malignant FEVER

54
Q

treatment of malignant neuroleptic syndrome

A

dantrolene
bromocriptine (may worse psychosis)
d/c causative agent

55
Q

most common EPS with neuroleptic drugs

A

tardive dyskinesia

56
Q

involuntary movements of the lip, mouth, tongue, jaw, extremities, trunk

A

tardive dyskinesia

57
Q

“bon bon” sign

A

tardive dyskinesia

(pushing tongue against cheek, looks like candy in cheek)

58
Q

[…] patients have an increased risk of developing tardive dyskinesia early in treatment

A

older

59
Q

oromandibular dystonia

A

type of tardive dyskinesia

60
Q

enhance access to treatment, encourage medication adherence, maintain finances and housing, healthy living, etc

A

supportive psychotherapy

61
Q

teach the person how to deal with their thoughts and behaviours

A

individual psychotherapy

62
Q

help the person change their thinking and behaviour

A

CBT

63
Q

loose, unrelated associations among thoughts and speech demonstrates

A

thought abnormalities

64
Q

decreased range of expressive affect

A

affective blunting

65
Q

fixed, false beliefs that are maintained in the absence of supporting information

A

delusions

66
Q

perceptions of stimuli that are not present in the environment

A

hallcination

67
Q

typical antipsychotics are also known as

A

first generation antipsychotics

68
Q

atypical antipsychotics are also known as

A

second generation antipsychotics

69
Q

what substance is most commonly abused in schizophrenic patients?

A

nicotine

70
Q

the primary advantage of atypical antipsychotics is

A

reduction of EPS

71
Q

[…] antipsychotics modulate serotonin and dopamine to help with psychosis

A

atypical antipsychotics

72
Q

[…] antipsychotics modulate dopamine to help with psychosis

A

typical antipsychotics

73
Q

long acting injectable antipsychotics

A

depot

74
Q

neurotransmitter that is primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and psychosis

A

dopamine

75
Q

neurotransmitter implicated in mood disorders

A

norepinephrine

76
Q

stimulant abuse can cause acute

A

psychosis

(due to dopamine agonist activity)

77
Q

thought blocking is a […] symptom of schizophrenia

A

negative

78
Q

what type of hallucinations are atypical of schizophrenia?

A

olfactory

(presence may suggest separate process)

79
Q

increases the risk of seizure

A

clozapine

80
Q

which medications are well suited for rapid control of motor overactivity, hostility, and aggressive outbursts?

A

first and second gen antipsychotics

(haloperidol)

81
Q

tremor, slurred speech, akathisia, dystonia, anxiety, bradyphrenia, and paranoid are all what type of side effects?

A

EPS

82
Q

life threatening syndrome associated with use of dopamine receptor antagonists

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

83
Q

AMS, fever, muscle rigidity, and autonomic instability are symptoms of […] syndrome

A

neuroleptic malignant`

84
Q

infestation delusions can be treated with

A

typical antipsychotics

(haloperidol, fluphenazine)

85
Q

psychotic symptoms in DRPLA can be treated with

A

typical antipsychotics

(haloperidol, fluphenazine)

atrophic brain disease that worsens overtime

86
Q

smoking induces the activity of

A

CYP1A

(reduces bioavailability of clozapine)

87
Q

antipsychotic known to be effective in reducing suicidal feelings in schizophrenia

A

clozapine

88
Q

[…] receptors impact sensitivity to leptin, driving hunger

A

5-HT2

BMB Test 4 (14 decks)

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