B7-067 Limbic System Flashcards
taste receptor cells and olfactory receptors can regenerate via […] cells
basal
(act as stem cell population)
what taste transductions occur via direct ionic mechanisms? [2]
salt (Na+)
sour (H+)
what taste transductions occur via second messenger? [3]
sweet
bitter
umami
transduction of taste causes cells to […] and activate neurotransmitter
depolarize
CN that carry taste [3]
VII
IX
X
CNs mediating taste target the […] nucleus
gustatory
(part of solitary)
primary gustatory cortex is located in the […]
insula
shearing of olfactory cells at the cribriform plate can result in
anosmia
all olfactory transduction is done via […] receptors
G-protein coupled
olfactory receptors synapse in the […] of the olfactory bulb
glomeruli
[…] tract projects directly to the cortex
olfactory
(no synapse in thalamus)
main targets of olfactory pathways [3]
amygdala (hypothalamus)
neocortex (OFC)
entorhinal cortex (hippocampus)
loss of olfactory sense
anosmia
why can COVID-19 cause anosmia?
virus binds to supporting olfactory cells
functions of the limbic system [4]
Homeostasis
Olfaction
Memory
Emotions and drives
HOME
many cortical limbic structures represent […] cortical architecture
primitive
(less than 6 layers)
hippocampal structure with only 3 layers of cortex
allocortex
how many layers of cortex does the neocortex have?
6
forms the gradual transition between 3 and 6 layer cortices
mesocortex
[…] memory is taken care of by the limbic circuits
short term
Papez circuit
cingulate cortex –> entorhinal cortex –> hippocampal formation –> fornix –> mammillary body –> anterior nucleus of thalamus
input from sensory association areas and olfactory bulb is consolidated in the […] cortex, then projects to hippocampus
entorhinal
(project to dentate gyrus and pyramidal cells)
[…] gyrus of the hippocampus maintains the ability to regenerate new neurons into adulthood
dentate
the […] cells of the hippocampus are extremely sensitive to anoxia
pyramidal (CA1-3 areas)
the brain’s GPS
hippocampus
“grid cells” and “place cells”
subconscious evaluator of the meaning of stimuli
emotional response to the consequence of a situation
amygdala
olfactory information is received in the […] of the amygdala
corticomedial nuclear group
visual, auditory, and tactile information is received in the […] of the amygdala
basolateral nuclear group
information from the the solitary nucleus and parbrachial nucleus is received in the […] of the amygdala
central nucleus
the corticomedial nuclear group of the amygdala projects to the […]
hypothalamus, septum
(feeding, repro)
the central nucleus of the amygdala projects to the […]
hypothalamus, brainstem
(autonomic regulation)
the basolateral nuclear group of the amygdala projects to the […]
executive centers
(decision making)
the “hyperfast” system of thinking uses the
amygdala
(Bypasses OFC and DLFC)
pathway of mesolimbic system
ventral tegmental area –> nucleus accumbens –> orbitofrontal cortex
what limbic system is the “want” pathway, involved in addiction and schizophrenia?
mesolimbic
receives sensory information, evaluates it for emotional content, and coordinates the response
amygdala
sensory information enters memory circuits through the […] cortex which projects to the hippocampus
entorhinal
dentate gyrus and hippocampus are part of the […] circuits
memory
central nucleus of the hypothalamus projects to the […] to initiate fight or flight
intermediolateral cell column
entorhinal cortex is involved in […] formation
memory
dorsal motor nucleus is involved in […] function
parasympathetic
nucleus […] controls speech and swallowing
nucleus ambigous
parts of the limbic circuit involved in creating memories [4]
dentate
entorhinal cortex
anterior nucleus of the thalamus
mammillary bodies
organized into 5 major classes
tastants
taste receptor cells are innervated by […] cells
ganglion
directly transmit action potentials to the olfactory bulb
primary olfactory neurons
sensory epithelia for both taste and gustation contain […] cells, which can differentiate into new sensory cells
basal
these neurons are particularly sensitive to anoxia, which may lead to transient amnestic syndrome
pyramidal cells in the hippocampus
dopaminergic projections from the […] to the […] are part of the “want” pathway
dopaminergic projections from the [midbrain] to the [limbic system] are part of the “want” pathway
recognizes the emotional significance of objects/situations and determines their “emotional valence”
amygdala
stimulation of the “want” pathway plays a major role in [2]
addiction
substance abuse
describe the “want” pathway
dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain ventral tegmentum project to limbic structures in the orbital frontal cortex
main causes of anosmia [4]
cocaine
methotrexate
thiamine deficiency
COVID-19
