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BMB Test 4 > B7-067 Limbic System > Flashcards

B7-067 Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

taste receptor cells and olfactory receptors can regenerate via […] cells

A

basal

(act as stem cell population)

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2
Q

what taste transductions occur via direct ionic mechanisms? [2]

A

salt (Na+)
sour (H+)

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3
Q

what taste transductions occur via second messenger? [3]

A

sweet
bitter
umami

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4
Q

transduction of taste causes cells to […] and activate neurotransmitter

A

depolarize

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5
Q

CN that carry taste [3]

A

VII
IX
X

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6
Q

CNs mediating taste target the […] nucleus

A

gustatory

(part of solitary)

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7
Q

primary gustatory cortex is located in the […]

A

insula

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8
Q

shearing of olfactory cells at the cribriform plate can result in

A

anosmia

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9
Q

all olfactory transduction is done via […] receptors

A

G-protein coupled

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10
Q

olfactory receptors synapse in the […] of the olfactory bulb

A

glomeruli

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11
Q

[…] tract projects directly to the cortex

A

olfactory

(no synapse in thalamus)

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12
Q

main targets of olfactory pathways [3]

A

amygdala (hypothalamus)
neocortex (OFC)
entorhinal cortex (hippocampus)

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13
Q

loss of olfactory sense

A

anosmia

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14
Q

why can COVID-19 cause anosmia?

A

virus binds to supporting olfactory cells

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15
Q

functions of the limbic system [4]

A

Homeostasis
Olfaction
Memory
Emotions and drives

HOME

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16
Q

many cortical limbic structures represent […] cortical architecture

A

primitive

(less than 6 layers)

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17
Q

hippocampal structure with only 3 layers of cortex

A

allocortex

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18
Q

how many layers of cortex does the neocortex have?

A

6

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19
Q

forms the gradual transition between 3 and 6 layer cortices

A

mesocortex

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20
Q

[…] memory is taken care of by the limbic circuits

A

short term

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21
Q

Papez circuit

A

cingulate cortex –> entorhinal cortex –> hippocampal formation –> fornix –> mammillary body –> anterior nucleus of thalamus

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22
Q

input from sensory association areas and olfactory bulb is consolidated in the […] cortex, then projects to hippocampus

A

entorhinal

(project to dentate gyrus and pyramidal cells)

23
Q

[…] gyrus of the hippocampus maintains the ability to regenerate new neurons into adulthood

A

dentate

24
Q

the […] cells of the hippocampus are extremely sensitive to anoxia

A

pyramidal (CA1-3 areas)

25
Q

the brain’s GPS

A

hippocampus

“grid cells” and “place cells”

26
Q

subconscious evaluator of the meaning of stimuli

emotional response to the consequence of a situation

A

amygdala

27
Q

olfactory information is received in the […] of the amygdala

A

corticomedial nuclear group

28
Q

visual, auditory, and tactile information is received in the […] of the amygdala

A

basolateral nuclear group

29
Q

information from the the solitary nucleus and parbrachial nucleus is received in the […] of the amygdala

A

central nucleus

30
Q

the corticomedial nuclear group of the amygdala projects to the […]

A

hypothalamus, septum

(feeding, repro)

31
Q

the central nucleus of the amygdala projects to the […]

A

hypothalamus, brainstem

(autonomic regulation)

32
Q

the basolateral nuclear group of the amygdala projects to the […]

A

executive centers

(decision making)

33
Q

the “hyperfast” system of thinking uses the

A

amygdala

(Bypasses OFC and DLFC)

34
Q

pathway of mesolimbic system

A

ventral tegmental area –> nucleus accumbens –> orbitofrontal cortex

35
Q

what limbic system is the “want” pathway, involved in addiction and schizophrenia?

A

mesolimbic

36
Q

receives sensory information, evaluates it for emotional content, and coordinates the response

A

amygdala

37
Q

sensory information enters memory circuits through the […] cortex which projects to the hippocampus

A

entorhinal

38
Q

dentate gyrus and hippocampus are part of the […] circuits

A

memory

39
Q

central nucleus of the hypothalamus projects to the […] to initiate fight or flight

A

intermediolateral cell column

40
Q

entorhinal cortex is involved in […] formation

A

memory

41
Q

dorsal motor nucleus is involved in […] function

A

parasympathetic

42
Q

nucleus […] controls speech and swallowing

A

nucleus ambigous

43
Q

parts of the limbic circuit involved in creating memories [4]

A

dentate
entorhinal cortex
anterior nucleus of the thalamus
mammillary bodies

44
Q

organized into 5 major classes

A

tastants

45
Q

taste receptor cells are innervated by […] cells

A

ganglion

46
Q

directly transmit action potentials to the olfactory bulb

A

primary olfactory neurons

47
Q

sensory epithelia for both taste and gustation contain […] cells, which can differentiate into new sensory cells

A

basal

48
Q

these neurons are particularly sensitive to anoxia, which may lead to transient amnestic syndrome

A

pyramidal cells in the hippocampus

49
Q

dopaminergic projections from the […] to the […] are part of the “want” pathway

A

dopaminergic projections from the [midbrain] to the [limbic system] are part of the “want” pathway

50
Q

recognizes the emotional significance of objects/situations and determines their “emotional valence”

A

amygdala

51
Q

stimulation of the “want” pathway plays a major role in [2]

A

addiction
substance abuse

52
Q

describe the “want” pathway

A

dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain ventral tegmentum project to limbic structures in the orbital frontal cortex

53
Q

main causes of anosmia [4]

A

cocaine
methotrexate
thiamine deficiency
COVID-19

BMB Test 4 (14 decks)

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