B6-Preventing disease

Question 1

What makes up vaccines?

Answer 1

Dead/inactive pathogens

Question 2

How does a vaccination make a person become immune to a disease?

Answer 2

Inactive antigens in vaccine stimulates WBC to make antibodies and memory cells which stimulates secondary response

Question 3

What is the function of memory cells?

Answer 3

Recognise same pathogen when it invades to produce large number of antibodies in short time

Question 4

What is herd immunity?

Answer 4

Large proportion of population is immune to a disease

Question 5

Painkillers destroy the pathogens in our body-true or false

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Which pathogen does antibiotics destroy

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

Why can’t antibiotics kill viruses?

Answer 7

Viruses reproduce inside cells, antibiotics can’t enter cells without damaging the cell

Question 8

How might an antibiotic be useless against a bacteria?

Answer 8

Antibiotic resistance

Question 9

Which plant did the heart drug digitalis orginate from?

Answer 9

Foxgloves

Question 10

Which drug orginated from willow?

Answer 10

Aspirin

Question 11

Name the microorganism that produces pencillin

Answer 11

Penicillium

Question 12

New drugs are tested extensively for 3 factors, what are they?

Answer 12

Toxicity, effiacacy, dose

Question 13

What living materials are used in preclinical testing?

Answer 13

Cells, tissues, live animals

Question 14

What is the difference between preclinical testing and clinical trials?

Answer 14

PT: use cells, tissues, animals CT: use healthy volunteers and patients

Question 15

Define placebo

Answer 15

A medicine that doesn’t contain the active drug being tested

Question 16

What is a double-blind trial?

Answer 16

Neither the doctors nor the patients know who gets the real drug

Question 17

What are monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 17

Proteins that target particular cells/chemicals

Question 18

What are hybridomas?

Answer 18

Cells made by the fusion of antibody-specific lymphocyte and tumour cells to make monoclonal antibodies

Question 19

Name a use of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 19

Pregnancy tests/disease diagnosis/monitoring chemical levels in blood/research/disease treatment

Question 20

What do monoclonal antibodies target in a pregnancy test?

Answer 20

Hormone(HCG) produced in the early pregnancy stage

Question 21

How can monoclonal antibodies be used in cancer treatement?

Answer 21

Target antigens on cancer cells to trigger immune system to recognise and attack/Block growth receptors on cancer cells to stop growth/Carry toxic drugs or radioactive substances to kill cancer cells directly​

Question 22

Why is the use of monoclonal antibodies good in cancer treatment?

Answer 22

Targets cancer cells only without harming body cells

Question 23

What is a disadvantage to the use of monoclonal antibodies on treatment?

Answer 23

More side effects than expected