B6-Preventing disease Flashcards
What makes up vaccines?
Dead/inactive pathogens
How does a vaccination make a person become immune to a disease?
Inactive antigens in vaccine stimulates WBC to make antibodies and memory cells which stimulates secondary response
What is the function of memory cells?
Recognise same pathogen when it invades to produce large number of antibodies in short time
What is herd immunity?
Large proportion of population is immune to a disease
Painkillers destroy the pathogens in our body-true or false
False
Which pathogen does antibiotics destroy
Bacteria
Why can’t antibiotics kill viruses?
Viruses reproduce inside cells, antibiotics can’t enter cells without damaging the cell
How might an antibiotic be useless against a bacteria?
Antibiotic resistance
Which plant did the heart drug digitalis orginate from?
Foxgloves
Which drug orginated from willow?
Aspirin
Name the microorganism that produces pencillin
Penicillium
New drugs are tested extensively for 3 factors, what are they?
Toxicity, effiacacy, dose
What living materials are used in preclinical testing?
Cells, tissues, live animals
What is the difference between preclinical testing and clinical trials?
PT: use cells, tissues, animals CT: use healthy volunteers and patients
Define placebo
A medicine that doesn’t contain the active drug being tested
What is a double-blind trial?
Neither the doctors nor the patients know who gets the real drug
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Proteins that target particular cells/chemicals
What are hybridomas?
Cells made by the fusion of antibody-specific lymphocyte and tumour cells to make monoclonal antibodies
Name a use of monoclonal antibodies
Pregnancy tests/disease diagnosis/monitoring chemical levels in blood/research/disease treatment
What do monoclonal antibodies target in a pregnancy test?
Hormone(HCG) produced in the early pregnancy stage
How can monoclonal antibodies be used in cancer treatement?
Target antigens on cancer cells to trigger immune system to recognise and attack/Block growth receptors on cancer cells to stop growth/Carry toxic drugs or radioactive substances to kill cancer cells directly
Why is the use of monoclonal antibodies good in cancer treatment?
Targets cancer cells only without harming body cells
What is a disadvantage to the use of monoclonal antibodies on treatment?
More side effects than expected
