B10-Nervous System

Question 1

Define homeostasis

Answer 1

Maintenance of internal environment relatively

Question 2

Name 3 key internal conditions that need to be controlled through homeostasis

Answer 2

Temperature, water levels, blood glucose levels

Question 3

What does the receptor do?

Answer 3

That detects stimuli in the internal or external environment

Question 4

What does coordination centre do?

Answer 4

Processes the stimuli information

Question 5

What do the effectors do?

Answer 5

It responds to the stimuli

Question 6

State the function of a neurone

Answer 6

Transmit electrical impulses

Question 7

What does a sensory neurone do?

Answer 7

Carries impulses to the central nervous system

Question 8

What does a motor neurone do?

Answer 8

Carries impulses away from the central nervous system

Question 9

Name 2 types of effectors

Answer 9

Muscle, glands

Question 10

Name 2 coordination centres that make up the central nervous system

Answer 10

Brain + spinal cord

Question 11

Where is the cell body found in the sensory neurone

Answer 11

Along the neurone fibre

Question 12

Where is the cell body found in the motor neurone?

Answer 12

At the beginning of the motor neurone

Question 13

Name one factor that may affect human reaction time

Answer 13

Energy or sugary drinks/practice beforehand etc

Question 14

Name the 3 types of neurones that are involved in coordinating reflexes

Answer 14

Sensory, relay, motor neurones

Question 15

Where is the relay neurone found in a reflex arc?

Answer 15

Spinal cord

Question 16

Illustrate the reflex pathway in a flowchart, showing all the components

Answer 16

Stimulus–>receptor–>sensory neurone–>relay neurone–>motor neurone–>effector–>response

Question 17

What are synapses?

Answer 17

The junction/physical gap between neurones

Question 18

How is information passed through the synapse?

Answer 18

Neurontransmitters are released which travel across the synapse to the receptor sites on the next neurone

Question 19

Cerebral cortex

Answer 19

The region in the brain that involves consciousness, intellgigence, memory and language

Question 20

Cerebellium

Answer 20

The region in the brain that coordinates muscular activity and balance

Question 21

Medulla(oblongata)

Answer 21

The region in the brain that coordinates automatic, unconscious activities eg breathing, heart rate etc

Question 22

Name a few methods scientists used to find out the functions of each part of the brain

Answer 22

Studying brain damage/electrically stimulating different parts of brain/MRI scans

Question 23

State the function of the sclera

Answer 23

White outer layer to protect the eyeball

Question 24

State the function of the cornea

Answer 24

Allows light into the eye; refract/focus light

Question 25

How is the size of the pupil controlled?

Answer 25

Muscular contraction and relaction of the iris

Question 26

State the function of the lens

Answer 26

Refracts light to focus the image onto the retina

Question 27

Name 2 components that change the shape of the lens

Answer 27

Suspensory ligaments+ciliary muscles

Question 28

What does the optic nerve do?

Answer 28

Carries impulses from the retina to the brain

Question 29

Describe the state of the ciliary muscles and the lens as the eye focuses on a distant object

Answer 29

Ciliary muscles relax, lens becomes thinner

Question 30

What is myopia?

Answer 30

Short sightedness, you can see close objects clearly but distant objects look blurred

Question 31

What is hyperopia?

Answer 31

Long sightedness, you can see distant objects clearly but close objects are blurred

Question 32

Give 2 possible reasons for myopia

Answer 32

Lens too curved, long eyeball

Question 33

Describe the state of the lens if more refraction is to happen

Answer 33

More convex/rounded

Question 34

Name a treatment for myopia or hyperopia

Answer 34

Contact lenses/laser eye surgery/replacement lenses