Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology GCSE > B13-Reproduction > Flashcards

B13-Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

By which cell division type does asexual reporduction rely on?

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are gametes formed

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the structyre formed by fertilisation

A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State 1 difference between asexual and sexual reproduction

A

A-no fertilisation/genetically identical offspring
S-fertilisation/genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the gametes in plants

A

Egg and pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many division do a cell undergo in meiosis?

A

Twice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a human gamete?

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define gametes

A

Sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State the 3 key stages in meiosis

A

1-copies of the DNA are made
2-the cell divides twice to form 4 gametes each with a single set of chromosomes
3-all 4 cells are genetically different from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When a new cell is formed through fertilisation how does it divide?

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how malarial parasites use both forms of reproduction

A

Reproduce asexually in the human host but sexually in the mosquito

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe how fungi use both forms of reproduction

A

Reproduce asexually by spores but also reproduce sexually to give variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe how plants use both forms of reproduction

A

Runners such as strawberry plants or bulb division such as daffodils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A

A polymer made up of 2 strands forming a double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the structure within which DNA is contained

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a gene

A

A small section of DNA on a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of a gene?

A

To code for a particular sequence of amino acids in order to make a specific protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a genome?

A

The enitre genetic material of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

State 3 ways in which understanding of the human genome will be important

A

1-to search for genes linked to different types of disease
2-to understand and treat inherited disorders
3-to trace early human migration patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the 3 parts of a DNA molecule

A

A phosphate group, a sugar molecule and a nucleotide base

21
Q

Name the 4 nucleotides found in DNA

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine

22
Q

How many bases code for a particular amino acid?

23
Q

What is a set of 3 nucleotide bases called?

24
Q

Which cell organelle synthesises proteins?

25
Q

How is the protein sequence correctly assembled?

A

Using a template molecule from the DNA

26
Q

What brings specific amino acids to the ribosomes?

A

Carrier molecules

27
Q

When the protein chain is complete what process aids it to form its unique shape?

28
Q

Name 3 uses of proteins in the body

A

Enzymes, hormones, structural proteins eg collagen

29
Q

What is a change in the DNA sequence called?

A

A mutation

30
Q

Name 3 potential consequences for a protein of a mutation

A

1-no change or slight change so no effect on the protein
2-altered protein, so an enzyme may stop working
3-mutation within a non-coding region nearby to a gene may affect the expression(production) of a protein

31
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A thread-like structure which contains coiled up DNA and proteins

32
Q

What is an allele?

A

A different version of a gene

33
Q

What does dominant mean?

A

The individual only needs one copy of this allele for its phenotype to be seen

34
Q

What does recessive mean?

A

The individual needs 2 copies of this allele for its phenotype to be seen

35
Q

What does homzygous mean?

A

The individual has 2 identical alleles for this gene

36
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

The individual has 2 different alleles for this gene

37
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic makeup of an organism for a particular gene(eg RR)

38
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The displayed characteristic due to the interactions between alleles(eg red flowers)

39
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human body cell have?

40
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes determine the sex of the individual?

41
Q

What is the genotype of a female?

42
Q

What is the genotype of a male?

43
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

A condition which causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs

44
Q

Is cystic fibrosis a dominant or recessive condition?

45
Q

State the genotype that would result in cystic fibrosis

A

cc(homozygous recessive)

46
Q

State 1 method of screening embryos

A

Amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, IVF

47
Q

State 1 concern of screening embryos

A

Causing miscarriage, ethical concerns, inaccurate results, expensive

48
Q

State 1 benefit of embryo screening

A

Know if child will have disorder, able to decide if proceed with pregnancy or abortion

Biology GCSE (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions