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Biology GCSE > B16-Adaptation > Flashcards

B16-Adaptation Flashcards

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1
Q

Define community

A

A group of interdependent organisms that are made of different species

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2
Q

Define ecosystem

A

The interaction of a community with the abiotic parts of the environment

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3
Q

What are abiotic factors? State 2 examples

A

Non-living factors in an environment eg light intensity, soil pH, wind, humidity and temperature

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4
Q

What are biotic factors? State 2 examples

A

Living factors in an environment eg predators, competitors, pathogens/microorganisms

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5
Q

Define population

A

A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

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6
Q

What is interdependence?

A

A relationship that describes how all species within a community depend on each other to survive

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7
Q

What is meant by a stable community?

A

Where all the species and environmental factors are in balance, hence population sizes remain fairly constant

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8
Q

A disease causes large areas of trees to die, is their death cause by an abiotic or biotic factor?

A

Biotic because diseases are caused by pathogens which are living beings

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9
Q

Briefly explain why low light intensity may decrease animal populations

A

Less light, less photosynthesis by plants–>poor plant growth–>less plant available for animals to eat–>less herbivores grow and survive–>further affects higher levels in the food chain

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10
Q

State 3 biotic factors

A

New pathogens, new predators, new competitors, food availability

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11
Q

State an equipment that is commonly used to investigate a population of plants in a particular area

A

Quadrat

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12
Q

What is quanititative sampling?

A

A technique to record and estimate the number of organisms in a particular area

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13
Q

How can the distribution of a species be measured?

A

Sampling along a transect

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14
Q

State a difference between quantitative sampling and transect sampling

A

Quantitative sampling takes samples at random coordinates, transect sampling takes samples at specific intervals along the line(not random)

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15
Q

What are the 3 things that animals compete for?

A

Food, mates, territory

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16
Q

Give 1 characteristic of a lion that makes it a good competitor

A

Sharp teeth/claws

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17
Q

Give 1 characteristic of a deer that makes it a good competitor

A

Horns/antlers

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18
Q

Give 1 characteristic of a peakcock that makes it a good competitor and state what it is competing for using this trait

A

Behaviour(eg mating dance), attractive, colourful feathers to attract mate

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19
Q

Tigers urinating on trees is a behaviour adaption to compete for?

A

Territory

20
Q

Wasps building nests is a behavious adaptation to compete for?

A

Shelter/habitat

21
Q

Owls’ sharp hearing is an adaptation to compete for?

A

Food

22
Q

What are the 4 things that plants compete for?

A

Light, space, water, mineral ions

23
Q

Some small plants in woodlands grow only in winter and dies before spring comes-suggest why this happens

A

To avoid competition for sunlight when large trees grow leaves block out sunlight in spring/summer

24
Q

Suggest why plants may have different root depths

A

To avoid competition for water and/or mineral ions at the same soil depth

25
Q

Suggest why seed dispersal is considered an adaptation to avoid competition

A

Seed is carried far away instead of landing right next to parents plant, so offspring plant doesn’t compete with parents plant

26
Q

Cactus’ long roots is a feature to help compete for..?

A

Water

27
Q

Large flowers are a feature to help compete for..?

A

(attract) Pollinators

28
Q

Weeds’ rapid growth in height is a feature to help compete for?

A

Light

29
Q

What are extremophiles?

A

(micro)organisms that live in environments that are very extreme eg high temp, pressure, salt conc

30
Q

Which domain tends to include most extremophiles?

A

Archea

31
Q

State the specific name given to extremophiles that are adapted to live in high temperatures

A

Thermophiles

32
Q

Suggest one adaptation that thermophiles have to help them live in high temperatures

A

Special enzymes with higher optimal temp(don’t denature at high temp)/speically structured cell membrane and/or cell wall

33
Q

Suggest 1 adaptation that halophiles have to help them survive in salty areas

A

Special cytoplasm to prevent water loss by osmosis/special cell membrane/wall

34
Q

For animals that living in cold climates, would they have adaptations to increase or decrease their SA: V ratio?

A

Decrease

35
Q

Why do animals that live in hot climates adapt to have a high SA: V ratio?

A

Increase heat loss

36
Q

State an adaptation that polar bears have to survive in cold climates

A

More insulation(thick fat layer+fur)

37
Q

Give a behavioural adaptation of penguins

A

Huddling

38
Q

Apart from their humps, give 1 other adaptation of camels to help them reduce water loss

A

Specially adapted kidneys/very little sweating

39
Q

Artic foxes’ fur coat changes from grey to white during winter-suggest 2 reasons why

A

Reduce heat loss by raditation+better camouflage in the snow

40
Q

What is the major way in which plants lose water in hot, dry conditions?

A

Transpiration

41
Q

Why do plants in dry and hot conditions have curled leaves?

A

Traps moist air–>reduce water vapour conc gradient–>reduce transpiration

42
Q

Why do some plants have thorns?

A

Prevent predation by herbivores

43
Q

Why do some plants have long roots?

A

Increase water uptake

44
Q

Why do cacti have swollen stems?

A

Store water

45
Q

Why do cacti have spine-like leaves?

A

Reduce SA–>reduce water loss

Biology GCSE (21 decks)

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