B11-Hormones Flashcards
How does the endocrine system being about a change in our internal environment?
Glands release hormones into bloodstream, which then travels to the target organ to produce an effect
What are hormones
Chemical messengers released by glands into the bloodstream and carried to a target organ
Name the ‘master gland’ and what it does
Pituitary gland secretes a variety of hormones
What does ADH do?
Affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney
State one difference between the effects of hormones compared to the nervous system
Hormonal effects are slower/last longer
Name the hormone that decreases blood glucose level
Insulin
Name the hormone that increases blood glucose level
Glucagon
Name the organ that produces hormones to control blood glucose level
Pancreas
State an effect of insulin
Increase glucose uptake by cells/more respiration/convert glucose to glycogen to store in liver and muscles/convert glucose to fat for storage
State an effect of glucagon
Convert glycogen to glucose/make glucose from amino acids or fat
What is glycogen?
Complex/storage carbohydrate made up of glucose in liver and muscles
What is type 1 diabetes?
Condition where pancreas doesn’t make enough/any insulin
What is type 2 diabetes?
Condition where body cells stop responding to insulin properly
Name one symptom of diabetes
Excess urine/feeling thirsty/lack of energy/lose weight/fatigue
Name a risk factor for type 2 diabetes
Lack of exercise/sugary diet/obesity
Name a treatment for type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes
Insulin injection
Name a method to cure type 1 diabetes
Pancreas or pancreatic cell transplant
Name 1 treatment for type 2 diabetes
Carbohydrate-controlled diet/lose weight/regular exercise/medicine
Which organ produces thyroxine?
Thyroid gland
What is the effect of thyroxine?
Controls metabolic rate
What does TSH do and stand for?
Thyroid stimulating hormone-secreted by the pituitary gland and controls the production of thyroxine
State one effect of adrenaline
Increase heart rate/breathing rate/increase glycogen conversion to glucose/pupils dilate/increase mental awareness/more blood flow to muscles
The level of adrenaline is controlled by a negative feedback system-true or false?
False-it’s controlled by…
Under what sort of situation would adrenaline be released?
In reaction to fear or stress
Name the main female reproductive hormone
Oestrogen
What is ovulation?
The process where a matured egg is released from the ovaries
What does FSH do?
Follicle stimulating hormone-causes egg maturation in the ovaries
What does LH do?
Luteinising hormone-stimulates ovulation
What does oestrogen do?
Hormone that stimulates the build up of the uterus lining
What does progesterone do?
Hormone that maintains the uterus lining
Name the main male reproductive hormone
Testosterone
State the average length of the menstrual cycle?
28 days
Which 2 female hormones does the pituitary gland secretes during the menstrual cycle?
FSH and LH
Which 2 female hormones does the ovaries release during the menstrual cycle?
Oestrogen and progesterone
Which hormone stimulates the release of oestrogen?
FSH
Which hormone inhibits the release of FSH?
Oestrogen
Which hormone stimulates the release of LH?
Oestrogen
Which hormone inihbits the release of oth FSH and LH?
Progesterone
Which hormones are used as contraceptive pills?
Oestrogen and progresterone
Name a chemical method of contraception
Spermicides
Name a barrier method of contraception
Condom/diaphragm
Which 2 hormones are issued as fertility drug in IVF treatments?
FSH and LH
Where does fertilisation occur in IVF treatment?
In a Petri dish
Define phototropism
The reponse of a plant to light
Define gravitropism
The reponse of a plant to gravity
What are auxins?
A plant hormone that controls photo and gravitropism
How do auxins respond to one-sided light on a young shoot?
Auxins move to the unlit slide(causing quicker growth) so the shoot bends towards the light
How do auxins repond to a yougn root placed sideways?
Auxins move to the lower side of the root
What is the effect of a high level of auxin on shoot growth?
Auxins promote shoot growth
What is the effect of a high level of auxin on root growth?
Auxins inhibit root growth
Name one use of auxins in agriculture and horticulture
Weed killers/rooting powders/tissue culture
Name one use of ethene in agriculture
Control fruit ripening
Name one use of gibberellins in agriculture
Increase fruit size/stimulate germination/promote flowering
