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Biology GCSE > B11-Hormones > Flashcards

B11-Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

How does the endocrine system being about a change in our internal environment?

A

Glands release hormones into bloodstream, which then travels to the target organ to produce an effect

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2
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers released by glands into the bloodstream and carried to a target organ

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3
Q

Name the ‘master gland’ and what it does

A

Pituitary gland secretes a variety of hormones

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4
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney

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5
Q

State one difference between the effects of hormones compared to the nervous system

A

Hormonal effects are slower/last longer

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6
Q

Name the hormone that decreases blood glucose level

A

Insulin

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7
Q

Name the hormone that increases blood glucose level

A

Glucagon

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8
Q

Name the organ that produces hormones to control blood glucose level

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

State an effect of insulin

A

Increase glucose uptake by cells/more respiration/convert glucose to glycogen to store in liver and muscles/convert glucose to fat for storage

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10
Q

State an effect of glucagon

A

Convert glycogen to glucose/make glucose from amino acids or fat

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11
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Complex/storage carbohydrate made up of glucose in liver and muscles

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12
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

Condition where pancreas doesn’t make enough/any insulin

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13
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Condition where body cells stop responding to insulin properly

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14
Q

Name one symptom of diabetes

A

Excess urine/feeling thirsty/lack of energy/lose weight/fatigue

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15
Q

Name a risk factor for type 2 diabetes

A

Lack of exercise/sugary diet/obesity

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16
Q

Name a treatment for type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes

A

Insulin injection

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17
Q

Name a method to cure type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreas or pancreatic cell transplant

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18
Q

Name 1 treatment for type 2 diabetes

A

Carbohydrate-controlled diet/lose weight/regular exercise/medicine

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19
Q

Which organ produces thyroxine?

A

Thyroid gland

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20
Q

What is the effect of thyroxine?

A

Controls metabolic rate

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21
Q

What does TSH do and stand for?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone-secreted by the pituitary gland and controls the production of thyroxine

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22
Q

State one effect of adrenaline

A

Increase heart rate/breathing rate/increase glycogen conversion to glucose/pupils dilate/increase mental awareness/more blood flow to muscles

23
Q

The level of adrenaline is controlled by a negative feedback system-true or false?

A

False-it’s controlled by…

24
Q

Under what sort of situation would adrenaline be released?

A

In reaction to fear or stress

25
Q

Name the main female reproductive hormone

A

Oestrogen

26
Q

What is ovulation?

A

The process where a matured egg is released from the ovaries

27
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone-causes egg maturation in the ovaries

28
Q

What does LH do?

A

Luteinising hormone-stimulates ovulation

29
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

Hormone that stimulates the build up of the uterus lining

30
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Hormone that maintains the uterus lining

31
Q

Name the main male reproductive hormone

A

Testosterone

32
Q

State the average length of the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

33
Q

Which 2 female hormones does the pituitary gland secretes during the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH and LH

34
Q

Which 2 female hormones does the ovaries release during the menstrual cycle?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

35
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of oestrogen?

A

FSH

36
Q

Which hormone inhibits the release of FSH?

A

Oestrogen

37
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of LH?

A

Oestrogen

38
Q

Which hormone inihbits the release of oth FSH and LH?

A

Progesterone

39
Q

Which hormones are used as contraceptive pills?

A

Oestrogen and progresterone

40
Q

Name a chemical method of contraception

A

Spermicides

41
Q

Name a barrier method of contraception

A

Condom/diaphragm

42
Q

Which 2 hormones are issued as fertility drug in IVF treatments?

A

FSH and LH

43
Q

Where does fertilisation occur in IVF treatment?

A

In a Petri dish

44
Q

Define phototropism

A

The reponse of a plant to light

45
Q

Define gravitropism

A

The reponse of a plant to gravity

46
Q

What are auxins?

A

A plant hormone that controls photo and gravitropism

47
Q

How do auxins respond to one-sided light on a young shoot?

A

Auxins move to the unlit slide(causing quicker growth) so the shoot bends towards the light

48
Q

How do auxins repond to a yougn root placed sideways?

A

Auxins move to the lower side of the root

49
Q

What is the effect of a high level of auxin on shoot growth?

A

Auxins promote shoot growth

50
Q

What is the effect of a high level of auxin on root growth?

A

Auxins inhibit root growth

51
Q

Name one use of auxins in agriculture and horticulture

A

Weed killers/rooting powders/tissue culture

52
Q

Name one use of ethene in agriculture

A

Control fruit ripening

53
Q

Name one use of gibberellins in agriculture

A

Increase fruit size/stimulate germination/promote flowering

Biology GCSE (21 decks)

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