B12-Homeostasis Flashcards
Name the part of the brain that controls your core body temperature
Thermoregulartory centre in hypothalamus
What is vasodilation?
The action where surface skin capillaries dilate to allow more blood flow to the surface
State 3 responses of the body to high temperature
Sweating, vasodilation, hair lies flat
State 3 responses of the body to low body temperature
Vasoconstriction, less sweating, shivering
How does shivering help increase our body temperature?
Contractions requires energy from respiration(exothermic)
Name the 2 main poisonous waste products in our body
CO2 and urea
How does high CO2 level affect the body?
Dissolved CO2 makes acidic solutions which leads to denatured enzymes
How is CO2 removed from the cells and out of the body?
Transported to alveoli leads to it being exhaled into the environment
How is urea produced?
Breakdown of excess amino acids
Name the organ that removes urea from the body
Kidney
What is deamination?
The process which removes the amine group from the amino acids
What is ammonia?
The product formed from deamination of excess amino acids before it’s converted into urea
Name the organ that breaks down excess amino acids
Liver
Name 4 substances that are filtered out of the blood into the kidney
GLucose, mineral ions, urea, water
Why can’t blood cells and proteins leave the blood to enter the kidney?
Too big to pass through the vessel wall
How is glucose reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney?
Diffusion+active transport
What is selective reabsorption
The process in which the kidney reabsorbs certain useful substances back into the kidney
What does ADH do?
The hormone that regulates the amount of water reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney
Which hormone secrets ADH?
Pituitary gland
If there’s an increase in ADH release what happens to the amount of water reabsorbed?
It increases
Describe the volume and conc of urine produced if there’s little ADH release
High volume, low conc
Name 2 treatments of kidney failure
Dialysis, kidney transplant
What is dialysis?
A process where the machine acts as an artificial kidney-it filters the blood and restores normal urea/water/ion levels
What does the dialysis fluid?
Prevents the loss of useful substances from the blood
What should be the conc of glucose and mineral ions of the dialysis fluid be like?
Same as a healthy person’s blood
What is the concentration of urea in the dialysis fluid?
0/none
State one disadvantage of dialysis
Carefully controlled diet, long periods of time connected to the machine(poor quality of life/inconvenient)
State a problem in kidney transplant
Rejection/lack of donor kidney
State a component on a donor kidney that causes rejection problems
Foreign antigen on donor kidney
Name the component of the patient’s body that may attack the donor kidney
Antibodies
State a method that reduces the risk of rejection
Use close relative’s kidney for similar antigens/immunosuppresant drugs
Name the type of drugs that is prescribed to a patient with a new organ
Immunosuppresant drugs
State a disadvantage of taking immunosuppresant drugs
Weakened immune system means harder to defend self against diseases effectively
