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M&M Test 2 > B6-094 Hip, Knee, and Ankle > Flashcards

B6-094 Hip, Knee, and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

movement most limited by hip joint

A

extension

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2
Q

the acetabular notch is bridged by the […] ligament

A

transverse acetabular

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3
Q

the depth of the acetabulum is increased by the

A

labrum

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4
Q

forms a collar around the femoral neck to hold head in acetabulum

A

orbicular zone

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5
Q

longitudinal fibers in the hip that help hold arteries from the medial/lateral circumflex arteries against the neck of the femur

A

retinacula

**at risk in femoral neck fx

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6
Q

intrinsic ligaments of the hip [3]

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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7
Q

the […] ligaments help to maintain integrity of the hip

A

intrinsic

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8
Q

ligament that restricts hyperextension at the hip

A

iliofemoral

**ischiofemoral helps with this as well

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9
Q

ligament that restricts full abduction of the hip

A

pubofemoral

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10
Q

attaches to acetabular ligament and runs to head of the femur

A

round femoral head ligament

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11
Q

what vessel lies within the round femoral head ligament in infants/juvenilles

A

obturator

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12
Q

what is thought to be the function of the obturator vessel that lies in the round femoral head ligament?

A

assist in spreading synovial fluid

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13
Q

important collateral circulation bypassing the popliteal artery

A

genicular branches

**keep blood flow when knee is fully flexed for too long

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14
Q

is the fibula involved in the knee joint?

A

no

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15
Q

knee joint stability depends on

A

strength of surrounding muscles/tendons

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16
Q

extracapsular knee joint ligaments [5]

**bonus points: which two are intrinsic (thickening of capsule)

A

patellar ligament
fibular collateral ligament
tibial collateral ligament (intrinsic)
oblique popliteal ligament (intrinsic)
arcuate popliteal ligament

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17
Q

strong cordlike ligament that runs from the fibular head to lateral femoral condyle

A

fibular collateral ligament (LCL)

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18
Q

[…] passes deep to fibular collateral ligament

A

popliteus tendon

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19
Q

biceps femoris tendon is split by

A

fibular collateral ligament (LCL)

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20
Q

flat band that extends from the medial femoral epicondyle to medial tibial condyle

A

tibial collateral ligament (MCL)

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21
Q

why is the tibial collateral ligament damaged more often than the fibular collateral?

A

it has deep fibers that attach to the meniscus

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22
Q

the tibial and fibular collateral ligaments are […] when the knee is extended and […] during flexion

A

taut in extension
slack in flexion

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23
Q

can be torn during hyperextension of the knee

A

oblique popliteal ligament

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24
Q

prevents posterior displacement of the femur
prevents anterior displacement of the tibia

A

ACL

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25
Q

ACL is taunt at full […]

A

extension

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26
Q

prevents anterior displacement of femur
prevents posterior displacement of tibia

A

PCL

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27
Q

the PCL is taunt when the leg is […]

A

flexed

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28
Q

[…] bundle of the ACL resists anterior tibial translation during flexion

A

anteromedial

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29
Q

[…] bundle of the ACL resists anterior tibial translation and tibial rotation in extension

A

posterolateral

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30
Q

positive anterior drawer sign indicates

A

ACL tear

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31
Q

the anterior edges of the menisci are joined by

A

transverse ligament of the knee

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32
Q

allows menisci to move together during movements of femur on tibia

A

transverse ligament of the knee

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33
Q

relationships of medial meniscus to ACL, PCL and tibial collateral

A

attaches anterior to ACL (anterior horn)
attaches anterior to PCL (posterior horn)
adherent to deep surface of tibial collateral

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34
Q

the posterior meniscofemoral ligament joins the lateral meniscus to the

A

PCL

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35
Q

passes between the medial meniscus and fibular collateral ligament

A

popliteus tendon

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36
Q

which menisci is smaller and more mobile?

A

lateral

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37
Q

positive posterior drawer test indicates a tear in

A

PCL

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38
Q

passive fallen arch of the foot is due to a laxity in

A

plantar calcaneonavicular

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39
Q

dynamic support of foot includes [4]

A

tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
intrinsics

40
Q

passive support of the foot includes [4]

A

plantar aponeurosis
short plantar ligament
long plantar ligament
planter calcaneonavicular

41
Q

pes transversoplanus

A

loss of transverse arch

42
Q

pes planus

A

loss of longitudinal arch

43
Q

hyperextension of metatarsal phalangeal joints
flexion of DIP/PIP

44
Q

stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion

A

medial (deltoid) ligament

45
Q

injured in a high ankle sprain

A

anterior inferior tibulofibular ligament (AITFL)

46
Q

injured in low ankle sprain

A

anterior talofibular ligament

47
Q

most common ankle sprain overall, due to overinversion/supination of the foot

A

Anterior TaloFibular ligament

**Always Tears First

48
Q

most common high ankle sprain

A

anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

49
Q

2 separate joints that align to form the transverse tarsal joint

A

talonavicular
calcaneocuboid

50
Q

transection across the […] is standard method for surgical amputation of the foot

A

transverse tarsal joint

51
Q

where talus rests on calcaneous

A

subtalar joint

52
Q

main movement of the subtalar joint are

A

inversion/eversion

53
Q

which anatomical structures maintain the integrity of the hip joint ?

A

bony parts of the acetabulum and ligaments that go around the head of the neck (ischiofemoral, iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments)

54
Q

How are the head and the neck of the femur vascularized?

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral a.

55
Q

How would a posterior hip dislocation present?

A

internally rotated and adducted

56
Q

How would a hip fx of the femoral neck present?

A

externally rotated and abducted

57
Q

adduction with a posterior hip dislocation is due to

A

impingement against acetabular rim

58
Q

abduction and lateral rotation with a femoral neck fx is due to

A

the lateral rotators of the hip pulling on the femur

59
Q

three intrinsic hip joint ligaments (go around head of femoral neck)

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

60
Q

occur when knee strikes dashboard with thigh abducted

A

anterior hip dislocation

61
Q

what nerve may be damaged in a posterior hip dislocation?

62
Q

fx between the greater and lesser trochanters

A

intertrochanteric

63
Q

fx inferior to trochanter

A

subtrochanteric

64
Q

what type of hip fx is most at risk of necrosis?

65
Q

external hip rotation, abduction and shortening of limb indicates

A

femoral neck fx

66
Q

an internally rotated and adducted limb at the hip joint indicates

A

posterior dislocation

67
Q

which anatomical structures maintain the integrity of the tibio-talar joint?

A

anterior talofibular ligament
deltoid ligament

68
Q

which test is used to assess the integrity of anterior talofibular ligament?

A

anterior drawer

69
Q

what two joints of the foot align transversely and serve as landmarks for a foot amputation?

A

talonavicular
calcaneocuboid

70
Q

lateral femoral condyle to anterior tibia

71
Q

medial femoral condyle to posterior tibia

72
Q

a blow to the lateral leg at the knee is likely to injure what structure?

A

MCL/medial meniscus

73
Q

the medial meniscus is adherent to

74
Q

chief flexor of the hip during gait

A

illiopsoas

75
Q

prevents overextension of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral ligament

**extremely important to up right stance

76
Q

gluteus maximus is a [flexor/extensor]

77
Q

[men/women] have a higher incidence of femoral neck fracture

A

women

**due to weakening via osteoporosis

78
Q

responsible for skin sensation over the medial malleolus

A

saphenous n.

79
Q

tibial nerve serves the [plantar/dorsal] foot

80
Q

provides sensation to the dorsum of the foot

A

superficial fibular n.

81
Q

provides sensation to the web space between 1st and 2nd toe

A

deep fibular n.

82
Q

provides sensation to lateral calf and ankle

83
Q

what structures travel through the adductor canal? [3]

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
saphenous nerve

84
Q

the […] nerve passes through the obturator foramen

85
Q

the […] artery lies superficial to all the muscles in the thigh

86
Q

the deep femoral artery branches from the femoral at the

A

femoral triangle

87
Q

where can the femoral artery be palpated?

A

just below the mid-point of the inguinal ligament, medial to the iliopsoas

88
Q

resists posterior sliding and dislocation of the tibial plateau

89
Q

the oblique popliteal is derived from

A

semimembranosus

90
Q

the iliofemoral ligament restricts

A

extension of thigh beyond vertical

91
Q

hip extension beyond vertical is done by

A

lumbar vertebrae

92
Q

the ability to plantar and dorsiflex the ankle comes from which joint in the ankle?

A

tibiotalar

93
Q

pes planus is associated with a drop in the

A

medial longitudinal arch

94
Q

major contributor of passive arch

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

M&M Test 2 (18 decks)

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