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M&M Test 2 > B6-085 Nerve Lesions of the Lower Extremity > Flashcards

B6-085 Nerve Lesions of the Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

dermatome pattern: L5

A

great toe

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2
Q

dermatome pattern: S2

A

back of leg

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3
Q

deep laceration to femoral triangle: what pulses to check? [2]

A

posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis

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4
Q

deep laceration to femoral triangle: where would you evaluate for sensation?

A

anterior thigh, medial leg

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5
Q

deep laceration to femoral triangle: what nerves are at risk?

A

femoral
ilioinguinal
lateral femoral cutaneous

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6
Q

causes of femoral nerve damage [3]

A

vascular disease
retroperitoneal hemorrhage
trauma

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7
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause weakness of thigh flexion?

A

loss of quadriceps, but still have iliospoas (L1)

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8
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause loss of leg extension?

A

loss quads

no other muscles do leg extension

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9
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause weakness of lateral rotation of hip?

A

loss of sartorius

still have glute max

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10
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause weakness of hip abduction?

A

loss of sartorius

still have glute medius and minimus

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11
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause weakness of knee flexion?

A

loss of sartorius

still have gracillis, semitendinosus, and gastroc

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12
Q

what would gait look like if femoral n. is damaged?

A

loss of complete knee extension, compensation by pressing on quad

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13
Q

what deficits of sensation would damage to the femoral nerve cause?

A

loss of sensation to anterior thigh and medial leg (via saphenous)

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14
Q

innervates the adductors of thigh

A

obturator

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15
Q

causes of a lesion in obturator [4]

A

trauma
pelvic fx
childbirth
ovarian cancer

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16
Q

why would damage to obturator result in weakness of hip adduction?

A

innervates all adductors

still have pectineus (dually innervated by obturator and femoral)

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17
Q

why would damage to obturator result in weakness of hip flexion?

A

loss of adductor magnus/longus

still have iliopsoas and quads

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18
Q

why would damage to obturator result in weakness of knee flexion?

A

loss of gracillis

still have gastroc, sartorius, and semitendinosus

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19
Q

why would damage to obturator result in weakness of lateral hip rotation?

A

loss of obturator externus

still have all other lateral rotators

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20
Q

how would a lesion in obturator affect gait?

A

circumferential gait (widened due to loss of adduction)

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21
Q

what sensory deficits would a lesion in obturator cause?

A

loss of sensation of medial thigh

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22
Q

pectineus is dually innervated by [2]

A

obturator n.
femoral n.

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23
Q

injury to superior gluteal nerve causes what type of gait?

A

trendelenburg

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24
Q

causes of damage to superior gluteal nerve? [2]

A

IM injections
penetrating wounds

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25
what motor deficits does damage to the superior gluteal nerve cause?
weakened abduction (loss of glute med, min, and tensor fascia latae) loss of medial rotation weakened knee extension (loss of tensor fascia latae)
26
what sensory deficits does damage to the superior gluteal nerve cause?
does not provide sensory
27
what nerve does sensory to the buttock?
cluneal nerves
28
what motor deficits would a patient with a lesion in inferior gluteal nerve demonstrate?
weakness of lateral rotation weakness of hip extension (loss of gluteus maximus)
29
what sensory deficits would a patient with a lesion in inferior gluteal nerve demonstrate?
no sensory
30
what gait would a patient with a lesion in inferior gluteal nerve demonstrate?
posterior lurch **lean back due to loss of hip extension
31
causes of damage to sciatic nerve? [3]
disc hearniation IM injections **posterior hip dislocations**
32
what gait would a patient with a lesion in the sciatic nerve demonstrate?
loss of heel strike and toe off, requires brace
33
what sensory deficit would a patient with a lesion in the sciatic nerve demonstrate?
loss of sensation on posterior leg **but not posterior thigh, that is posterior femoral cutaneous
34
why would damage to the sciatic cause weakness of thigh extension?
loss of hamstrings still have glute max
35
why would damage to the sciatic cause weakness of knee flexion?
loss of hamstrings and gastroc still have pes anserinus muscles
36
why would damage to the sciatic cause loss of plantar/dorsi flexion?
sciatic branches into tibial and common fibular nerve, lost all of that
37
why would damage to the sciatic cause loss of inversion/eversion of foot?
sciatic branches into tibial and common fibular nerve, lost all of that
38
why would damage to the sciatic cause loss of all foot movements?
sciatic branches into tibial and common fibular nerve, lost all of that
39
causes of damage to tibial nerve [2]
penetrating wounds popliteal aneurysm
40
what would gait look like with damage to the tibial nerve?
loss of toe off, loss of plantar flexion
41
what sensory deficits would a lesion in tibial nerve cause?
loss of sensation to posterior leg, medial and lateral plantar surface of foot
42
numbness of dorsum of foot inability to dorsiflex and evert foot indicates damage to
common fibular
43
trauma to the head of the fibula can damage the
common fibular n.
44
what sensory deficits would a lesion in superficial fibular cause?
loss of sensation to distal lateral aspect of foot
45
what sensory deficits would a lesion in deep fibular cause?
webspace in between 1st and 2nd toe
46
what motor deficits would a lesion in superficial fibular cause?
weakened foot eversion weakened plantar flexion weakened arch supports
47
what motor deficits would a lesion in deep fibular cause?
loss of dorsiflexion loss of toe extension weakness of inversion and eversion weakened arch support
48
what gait would a lesion in deep fibular cause?
high steppage gait, foot drop
49
fibularis longus and brevis go behind the malleoli and are weak [...]
plantar flexors
50
foot drop but normal eversion indicates damage to
deep fibular
51
pain over medial side of leg and foot indicates damage to
saphenous n. (off femoral)
52
pain over lateral border of ankle and foot indicates damage to
sural n.
53
what nerve gives rise to saphenous?
femoral n.
54
what nerve causes meralgia paresthetica?
lateral femoral cutaneous
55
can become entrapped behind the inguinal ligament
lateral femoral cutaneous
56
what nerve might be compressed by a lumbar cord tumor?
lateral femoral cutaneous
57
tight clothing/belts can cause damage to
lateral femoral cutaneous
58
sensory to anterior lateral thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous
59
what muscles are the prime inverters of the foot? [2]
tibialis anterior tibialis posterior
60
what muscles are the prime everters of the foot? [3]
fibularis longus fibularis brevis fibularis tertius
61
what muscles plantarflex the ankle? [3]
gastrocnemius plantaris soleus
62
gastrocnemius and plantaris [...] the knee
flex
63
what muscles dorsiflex the ankle? [4]
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius **muscles of anterior compartment
64
what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular nerve
65
what nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve
66
what muscles lie in the lateral compartment of the leg? [2]
fibularis longus fibularis brevis
67
what movements do fibularis longus and brevis provide? [2]
foot eversion foot plantarflexion
68
what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve
69
what muscles lie in the superficial posterior compartment? [3]
gastrocnemius soleus plantaris
70
what muscles lie in the deep posterior compartment? [4]
popliteus flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior
71
what nerve innervates abductor digiti minimi?
lateral plantar (from tibial)
72
what nerve innervates quadratus plantae?
lateral plantar (from tibial)
73
what nerve innervates the lateral three lumbricals?
lateral plantar (from tibial)
74
what nerve innervates adductor hallucis?
lateral plantar (from tibial)
75
what nerve innervates flexor digiti minimi brevis?
lateral plantar (from tibial)
76
what nerve innervates the interossei of the foot?
lateral plantar (from tibial)
77
what nerve innervates abductor hallucis longus?
medial plantar (from tibial)
78
what nerve innervates flexor digitorum brevis?
medial plantar (from tibial)
79
what nerve innervates the first lumbrical?
medial plantar (from tibial)
80
what nerve innervates flexor hallucis brevis?
medial plantar (from tibial)
81
what nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the medial leg?
saphenous (from femoral)
82
saphenous nerve travels with
great saphenous vein
83
supplies cutaneous sensation to the skin on the dorsum of the foot and all digits except the lateral side of the 5th
superficial fibular
84
provides cutaneous sensation to the posterior and lateral aspects of the leg and foot
sural
85
provides cutaneous sensation to the webspace between the 1st and 2nd digits
deep fibular
86
provides cutaneous sensation to the lateral plantar surface of foot, and plantar surface of 4th and 5th digit
lateral plantar n (from tibial)
87
provides cutaneous sensation to medial plantar surface of foot and plantar surface of the medial 3.5 digits
medial plantar n. (from tibial)
88
name the muscles that insert on pes aserinus and give their innervation
sartorius: femoral gracilis: obturator semitendinosus: tibial
89
only extensor of knee
quadriceps
90
what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular
91
what nerve supplies the lateral plantar region of the foot?
lateral plantar
92
what nerve supplies the medial plantar region of the foot?
medial plantar
93
what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular
94
what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial
95
damage to femoral nerve can result in the loss of knee [...]
extension loss of quad
96
the femoral nerve innervates: [4]
pectineus iliacus sartorius quadriceps femoris
97
prime flexor of hip
psoas
98
the superior gluteal nerve innervates: [3]
gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fasciae latae
99
hip abductors [3]
gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fasciae latae
100
weakness of hip abductors will result in [...] hip drop
contralateral
101
damage to the superior gluteal nerve will result in hip drop on the [...] side
contralateral
102
pectineus is innervated by [2]
femoral and obturator
103
adductor magnus is innervated by [2]
obturator and tibial
104
biceps femoris is innervated by [2]
tibial (long head) common fibular (short head)
105
the short head of biceps femoris is innervated by
common fibular
106
the long head of biceps femoris is innervated by
tibial
107
semimembranosus is innervated by
tibial
108
adductor longus is innervated by
obturator
109
what neurovascular structures are at risk in a posterior knee dislocation?
popliteal artery politeal vein tibial nerve
110
provides sensation to dorsum of foot
superficial fibular (from common fibular)
111
what nerve provides the ability to dorsiflex and evert foot
common fibular
112
loss of foot inversion would result from loss of [2]
tibialis anterior (deep fibular) tibialis posterior (tibial nerve)
113
loss of sensation to posterolateral leg and plantar surface of the foot indicates damage to
tibial nerve
114
which nerve crosses the head of the fibula?
common fibular
115
foot drop indicates damage to
common fibular
116
provides sensation to dorsum of 5th toe and lateral malleolus
sural nerve
117
provides sensation to medial leg and foot including medial malleolus
saphenous
118
terminal branch of the common fibular
superficial fibular
119
nerve most likely to be injured due to posterior hip dislocation
sciatic
120
excessive flexion of the knee at heel strike is due to
weak quadriceps (femoral nerve)
121
lack of effective hallux push of is due to damage to
flexor hallucis longus (tibial)
122

M&M Test 2 (18 decks)

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