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M&M Test 2 > B6-085 Nerve Lesions of the Lower Extremity > Flashcards

B6-085 Nerve Lesions of the Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

dermatome pattern: L5

A

great toe

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2
Q

dermatome pattern: S2

A

back of leg

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3
Q

deep laceration to femoral triangle: what pulses to check? [2]

A

posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis

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4
Q

deep laceration to femoral triangle: where would you evaluate for sensation?

A

anterior thigh, medial leg

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5
Q

deep laceration to femoral triangle: what nerves are at risk?

A

femoral
ilioinguinal
lateral femoral cutaneous

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6
Q

causes of femoral nerve damage [3]

A

vascular disease
retroperitoneal hemorrhage
trauma

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7
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause weakness of thigh flexion?

A

loss of quadriceps, but still have iliospoas (L1)

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8
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause loss of leg extension?

A

loss quads

no other muscles do leg extension

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9
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause weakness of lateral rotation of hip?

A

loss of sartorius

still have glute max

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10
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause weakness of hip abduction?

A

loss of sartorius

still have glute medius and minimus

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11
Q

why would damage to the femoral nerve cause weakness of knee flexion?

A

loss of sartorius

still have gracillis, semitendinosus, and gastroc

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12
Q

what would gait look like if femoral n. is damaged?

A

loss of complete knee extension, compensation by pressing on quad

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13
Q

what deficits of sensation would damage to the femoral nerve cause?

A

loss of sensation to anterior thigh and medial leg (via saphenous)

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14
Q

innervates the adductors of thigh

A

obturator

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15
Q

causes of a lesion in obturator [4]

A

trauma
pelvic fx
childbirth
ovarian cancer

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16
Q

why would damage to obturator result in weakness of hip adduction?

A

innervates all adductors

still have pectineus (dually innervated by obturator and femoral)

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17
Q

why would damage to obturator result in weakness of hip flexion?

A

loss of adductor magnus/longus

still have iliopsoas and quads

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18
Q

why would damage to obturator result in weakness of knee flexion?

A

loss of gracillis

still have gastroc, sartorius, and semitendinosus

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19
Q

why would damage to obturator result in weakness of lateral hip rotation?

A

loss of obturator externus

still have all other lateral rotators

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20
Q

how would a lesion in obturator affect gait?

A

circumferential gait (widened due to loss of adduction)

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21
Q

what sensory deficits would a lesion in obturator cause?

A

loss of sensation of medial thigh

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22
Q

pectineus is dually innervated by [2]

A

obturator n.
femoral n.

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23
Q

injury to superior gluteal nerve causes what type of gait?

A

trendelenburg

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24
Q

causes of damage to superior gluteal nerve? [2]

A

IM injections
penetrating wounds

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25
Q

what motor deficits does damage to the superior gluteal nerve cause?

A

weakened abduction (loss of glute med, min, and tensor fascia latae)
loss of medial rotation
weakened knee extension (loss of tensor fascia latae)

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26
Q

what sensory deficits does damage to the superior gluteal nerve cause?

A

does not provide sensory

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27
Q

what nerve does sensory to the buttock?

A

cluneal nerves

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28
Q

what motor deficits would a patient with a lesion in inferior gluteal nerve demonstrate?

A

weakness of lateral rotation
weakness of hip extension

(loss of gluteus maximus)

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29
Q

what sensory deficits would a patient with a lesion in inferior gluteal nerve demonstrate?

A

no sensory

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30
Q

what gait would a patient with a lesion in inferior gluteal nerve demonstrate?

A

posterior lurch

**lean back due to loss of hip extension

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31
Q

causes of damage to sciatic nerve? [3]

A

disc hearniation
IM injections
posterior hip dislocations

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32
Q

what gait would a patient with a lesion in the sciatic nerve demonstrate?

A

loss of heel strike and toe off, requires brace

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33
Q

what sensory deficit would a patient with a lesion in the sciatic nerve demonstrate?

A

loss of sensation on posterior leg

**but not posterior thigh, that is posterior femoral cutaneous

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34
Q

why would damage to the sciatic cause weakness of thigh extension?

A

loss of hamstrings

still have glute max

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35
Q

why would damage to the sciatic cause weakness of knee flexion?

A

loss of hamstrings and gastroc

still have pes anserinus muscles

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36
Q

why would damage to the sciatic cause loss of plantar/dorsi flexion?

A

sciatic branches into tibial and common fibular nerve, lost all of that

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37
Q

why would damage to the sciatic cause loss of inversion/eversion of foot?

A

sciatic branches into tibial and common fibular nerve, lost all of that

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38
Q

why would damage to the sciatic cause loss of all foot movements?

A

sciatic branches into tibial and common fibular nerve, lost all of that

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39
Q

causes of damage to tibial nerve [2]

A

penetrating wounds
popliteal aneurysm

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40
Q

what would gait look like with damage to the tibial nerve?

A

loss of toe off, loss of plantar flexion

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41
Q

what sensory deficits would a lesion in tibial nerve cause?

A

loss of sensation to posterior leg, medial and lateral plantar surface of foot

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42
Q

numbness of dorsum of foot
inability to dorsiflex and evert foot indicates damage to

A

common fibular

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43
Q

trauma to the head of the fibula can damage the

A

common fibular n.

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44
Q

what sensory deficits would a lesion in superficial fibular cause?

A

loss of sensation to distal lateral aspect of foot

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45
Q

what sensory deficits would a lesion in deep fibular cause?

A

webspace in between 1st and 2nd toe

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46
Q

what motor deficits would a lesion in superficial fibular cause?

A

weakened foot eversion
weakened plantar flexion
weakened arch supports

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47
Q

what motor deficits would a lesion in deep fibular cause?

A

loss of dorsiflexion
loss of toe extension
weakness of inversion and eversion
weakened arch support

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48
Q

what gait would a lesion in deep fibular cause?

A

high steppage gait, foot drop

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49
Q

fibularis longus and brevis go behind the malleoli and are weak […]

A

plantar flexors

50
Q

foot drop but normal eversion indicates damage to

A

deep fibular

51
Q

pain over medial side of leg and foot indicates damage to

A

saphenous n. (off femoral)

52
Q

pain over lateral border of ankle and foot indicates damage to

53
Q

what nerve gives rise to saphenous?

A

femoral n.

54
Q

what nerve causes meralgia paresthetica?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous

55
Q

can become entrapped behind the inguinal ligament

A

lateral femoral cutaneous

56
Q

what nerve might be compressed by a lumbar cord tumor?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous

57
Q

tight clothing/belts can cause damage to

A

lateral femoral cutaneous

58
Q

sensory to anterior lateral thigh

A

lateral femoral cutaneous

59
Q

what muscles are the prime inverters of the foot? [2]

A

tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior

60
Q

what muscles are the prime everters of the foot? [3]

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
fibularis tertius

61
Q

what muscles plantarflex the ankle? [3]

A

gastrocnemius
plantaris
soleus

62
Q

gastrocnemius and plantaris […] the knee

63
Q

what muscles dorsiflex the ankle? [4]

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

**muscles of anterior compartment

64
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

65
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve

66
Q

what muscles lie in the lateral compartment of the leg? [2]

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

67
Q

what movements do fibularis longus and brevis provide? [2]

A

foot eversion
foot plantarflexion

68
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

69
Q

what muscles lie in the superficial posterior compartment? [3]

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

70
Q

what muscles lie in the deep posterior compartment? [4]

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

71
Q

what nerve innervates abductor digiti minimi?

A

lateral plantar (from tibial)

72
Q

what nerve innervates quadratus plantae?

A

lateral plantar (from tibial)

73
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral three lumbricals?

A

lateral plantar (from tibial)

74
Q

what nerve innervates adductor hallucis?

A

lateral plantar (from tibial)

75
Q

what nerve innervates flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

lateral plantar (from tibial)

76
Q

what nerve innervates the interossei of the foot?

A

lateral plantar (from tibial)

77
Q

what nerve innervates abductor hallucis longus?

A

medial plantar (from tibial)

78
Q

what nerve innervates flexor digitorum brevis?

A

medial plantar (from tibial)

79
Q

what nerve innervates the first lumbrical?

A

medial plantar (from tibial)

80
Q

what nerve innervates flexor hallucis brevis?

A

medial plantar (from tibial)

81
Q

what nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the medial leg?

A

saphenous (from femoral)

82
Q

saphenous nerve travels with

A

great saphenous vein

83
Q

supplies cutaneous sensation to the skin on the dorsum of the foot and all digits except the lateral side of the 5th

A

superficial fibular

84
Q

provides cutaneous sensation to the posterior and lateral aspects of the leg and foot

85
Q

provides cutaneous sensation to the webspace between the 1st and 2nd digits

A

deep fibular

86
Q

provides cutaneous sensation to the lateral plantar surface of foot, and plantar surface of 4th and 5th digit

A

lateral plantar n (from tibial)

87
Q

provides cutaneous sensation to medial plantar surface of foot and plantar surface of the medial 3.5 digits

A

medial plantar n. (from tibial)

88
Q

name the muscles that insert on pes aserinus and give their innervation

A

sartorius: femoral
gracilis: obturator
semitendinosus: tibial

89
Q

only extensor of knee

A

quadriceps

90
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular

91
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral plantar region of the foot?

A

lateral plantar

92
Q

what nerve supplies the medial plantar region of the foot?

A

medial plantar

93
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular

94
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

95
Q

damage to femoral nerve can result in the loss of knee […]

A

extension

loss of quad

96
Q

the femoral nerve innervates: [4]

A

pectineus
iliacus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris

97
Q

prime flexor of hip

98
Q

the superior gluteal nerve innervates: [3]

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae

99
Q

hip abductors [3]

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae

100
Q

weakness of hip abductors will result in […] hip drop

A

contralateral

101
Q

damage to the superior gluteal nerve will result in hip drop on the […] side

A

contralateral

102
Q

pectineus is innervated by [2]

A

femoral and obturator

103
Q

adductor magnus is innervated by [2]

A

obturator and tibial

104
Q

biceps femoris is innervated by [2]

A

tibial (long head)
common fibular (short head)

105
Q

the short head of biceps femoris is innervated by

A

common fibular

106
Q

the long head of biceps femoris is innervated by

107
Q

semimembranosus is innervated by

108
Q

adductor longus is innervated by

109
Q

what neurovascular structures are at risk in a posterior knee dislocation?

A

popliteal artery
politeal vein
tibial nerve

110
Q

provides sensation to dorsum of foot

A

superficial fibular (from common fibular)

111
Q

what nerve provides the ability to dorsiflex and evert foot

A

common fibular

112
Q

loss of foot inversion would result from loss of [2]

A

tibialis anterior (deep fibular)
tibialis posterior (tibial nerve)

113
Q

loss of sensation to posterolateral leg and plantar surface of the foot indicates damage to

A

tibial nerve

114
Q

which nerve crosses the head of the fibula?

A

common fibular

115
Q

foot drop indicates damage to

A

common fibular

116
Q

provides sensation to dorsum of 5th toe and lateral malleolus

A

sural nerve

117
Q

provides sensation to medial leg and foot including medial malleolus

118
Q

terminal branch of the common fibular

A

superficial fibular

119
Q

nerve most likely to be injured due to posterior hip dislocation

120
Q

excessive flexion of the knee at heel strike is due to

A

weak quadriceps (femoral nerve)

121
Q

lack of effective hallux push of is due to damage to

A

flexor hallucis longus (tibial)

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