B6-057 Kinesiology Flashcards
what kind of connective tissue makes up ligaments, tendons, and joint capsule?
dense fibrous connective
what region of the stress-strain curve results in damage to the tissue?
plastic region
what is the optimal stimulus for bone regeneration?
loading along the axis of the bone
**returning to weight bearing is crucial to recovery
cartilage is avascular, how does is receive nutrition?
through compression and decompression of the joint surfaces
**necessary for regeneration
what is optimal stimulus for tendon/ligament healing?
tensile strength in the line of fiber orientation
fusiform muscles develop […]
velocity
**parallel fibers
penniform muscles develop […]
force
[…] units are recruited first to be used, followed by […]
smaller
larger
shortening contraction
concentric
lengthening contraction
eccentric
with concentric contractions, greater force can be produced at […] speed
slower
with eccentric contraction, greater force can be produced at […] speed
faster
**due to viscoelastic nature
[…] of muscle is where optimal force production occurs
middle
early on in strength training, strength improvement actually comes from
neural factors
**greater synchronicity, better recruitment
roll and glide occur in […] directions for a convex surface moving on a concave surface
opposite
**ex. hip flexion causes roll forward and glide backward
roll and glide occur in the […] directions for a concave surface moving on a convex surface
same
**ex. tibia rolls forward and glides forward to stay on joint
study of properties of motion
kinematics
examples of kinematics
displacement
velocity
acceleration
study of forces that create motion
kinetics
**forces applied at an instant in time (work, impulse, linear force, etc)
coplanar in opposite direction
shear force
colinear in opposite direction
tensile force
colinear, in similar directions to push together
compressive force
is ground reaction forces an example of kinematics or kinetics?
kinetics
what are ground reaction forces measuring?
impulse- force applied over time
center of pressure- point of application of the ground reaction force
describe the time-dependent properties of visco-elastic materials
longer load=greater deformation
describe the rate dependent properties of visco-elastic materials
better resists loads applied more quickly than those applied slowly
segments of the stress-strain curve from least strain to greatest [4]
toe
elastic
plastic
failure
wolf’s law
bone is laid down in areas of high stress and resorbed in areas of low stress
energy dissipation due to internal friction
hysteresis
greater deformation occurs with [….] periods of time of load application
longer
viscoelastic tissues better resist loads applied more [quickly/slowly]
quickly
longer muscle is able to generate maximal […] at longer lengths
tension
optimal muscle length for generating the greatest amount of tension
120% of resting length
using an elastic band is a type of […] exercise
isodynamic
doing a push up is a type of […] exercise
isotonic
doing knee extensions at the same speed of contraction throughout is an example of […] exercise
isokinetic
holding plank without any joint movement is an example of […] exercise
isometric
skull suture joints are an example of […] joints
non synovial
hip and shoulder joints are an example of […] joints
triaxial
metocarpophalangeal (saddle) joints are an example of […] joints
biaxial
elbow joints are an example of […] joints
uniaxial
roll and glide occur in [….] when a concave surface moves on a convex surface
same direction
roll and glide occur in [….] when a convex surface moves on a concave surface
opposite directions
what part of bone provides mechanical strength and resists torsion and bending?
cortical
what part of bone performs metabolic activities and is highly vascular?
cancellous
what is the optimal stimulus for bone regeneration?
loading along the axis of bone
dissipates and disperses forces/load
minimizes friction
cartilage
optimal stimulus for cartilage regeneration?
compression and decompression of joint surfaces
what is the optimal stimulus for regeneration of tendons and ligaments?
tensile strength in the line of fiber orientation
order of recruitment
smaller, more fatigue resistant units are used first, followed by larger more powerful units
what type of fibers are more fatigue resistant?
type I
small, slow
what types of fibers are highly fatiguable?
type II
large, fast
exercises that have fixed resistance and variable speed are
isotonic
isotonic exercise that lengthens contraction
eccentric
isotonic exercise that shortens contraction
concentric
with concentric contraction […] forces can be produced at […] speeds
greater
slower
**tension on muscle as it shortens (i.e. biceps curl)
with eccentric contraction […] forces can be produced at [..] speeds
greater
faster
**muscle lengthens as force is applied (i.e. standing from squat)
***because muscle is lengthening, more cross bridging is occuring = greater force
optimal length of the sarcomere is the point of […]
maximal cross bridge interaction
**gives you max tension
if the sarcomere is less than optimal length, there is less
cross bridging =less tension
if the sarcomere is greater than optimal length there is
no cross bridging = no tension
describe early neurogenic adaptations to strength training
greater synchronicity
greater recruitment ability
greater discharge frequency
what plane is the medial-lateral axis?
sagittal
what movements occur in the sagittal axis?
flexion/extension
what plane is the anterior-posterior axis?
frontal
what plane is the vertical axis?
horizontal
what movements occur in the frontal axis?
abduction, adduction
eversion, inversion
lateral flexion
what movements occur in the horizontal axis?
internal/external rotation
axial rotation
if someone is lacking knee extension and you want to improve knee extension, what maneuver may help?
anterior glide
