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M&M Test 2 > B6-057 Kinesiology > Flashcards

B6-057 Kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of connective tissue makes up ligaments, tendons, and joint capsule?

A

dense fibrous connective

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2
Q

what region of the stress-strain curve results in damage to the tissue?

A

plastic region

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3
Q

what is the optimal stimulus for bone regeneration?

A

loading along the axis of the bone

**returning to weight bearing is crucial to recovery

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4
Q

cartilage is avascular, how does is receive nutrition?

A

through compression and decompression of the joint surfaces

**necessary for regeneration

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5
Q

what is optimal stimulus for tendon/ligament healing?

A

tensile strength in the line of fiber orientation

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6
Q

fusiform muscles develop […]

A

velocity

**parallel fibers

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7
Q

penniform muscles develop […]

A

force

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8
Q

[…] units are recruited first to be used, followed by […]

A

smaller
larger

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9
Q

shortening contraction

A

concentric

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10
Q

lengthening contraction

A

eccentric

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11
Q

with concentric contractions, greater force can be produced at […] speed

A

slower

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12
Q

with eccentric contraction, greater force can be produced at […] speed

A

faster

**due to viscoelastic nature

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13
Q

[…] of muscle is where optimal force production occurs

A

middle

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14
Q

early on in strength training, strength improvement actually comes from

A

neural factors

**greater synchronicity, better recruitment

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15
Q

roll and glide occur in […] directions for a convex surface moving on a concave surface

A

opposite

**ex. hip flexion causes roll forward and glide backward

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16
Q

roll and glide occur in the […] directions for a concave surface moving on a convex surface

A

same

**ex. tibia rolls forward and glides forward to stay on joint

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17
Q

study of properties of motion

A

kinematics

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18
Q

examples of kinematics

A

displacement
velocity
acceleration

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19
Q

study of forces that create motion

A

kinetics

**forces applied at an instant in time (work, impulse, linear force, etc)

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20
Q

coplanar in opposite direction

A

shear force

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21
Q

colinear in opposite direction

A

tensile force

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22
Q

colinear, in similar directions to push together

A

compressive force

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23
Q

is ground reaction forces an example of kinematics or kinetics?

A

kinetics

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24
Q

what are ground reaction forces measuring?

A

impulse- force applied over time
center of pressure- point of application of the ground reaction force

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25
Q

describe the time-dependent properties of visco-elastic materials

A

longer load=greater deformation

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26
Q

describe the rate dependent properties of visco-elastic materials

A

better resists loads applied more quickly than those applied slowly

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27
Q

segments of the stress-strain curve from least strain to greatest [4]

A

toe
elastic
plastic
failure

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28
Q

wolf’s law

A

bone is laid down in areas of high stress and resorbed in areas of low stress

29
Q

energy dissipation due to internal friction

A

hysteresis

30
Q

greater deformation occurs with [….] periods of time of load application

A

longer

31
Q

viscoelastic tissues better resist loads applied more [quickly/slowly]

A

quickly

32
Q

longer muscle is able to generate maximal […] at longer lengths

A

tension

33
Q

optimal muscle length for generating the greatest amount of tension

A

120% of resting length

34
Q

using an elastic band is a type of […] exercise

A

isodynamic

35
Q

doing a push up is a type of […] exercise

A

isotonic

36
Q

doing knee extensions at the same speed of contraction throughout is an example of […] exercise

A

isokinetic

37
Q

holding plank without any joint movement is an example of […] exercise

A

isometric

38
Q

skull suture joints are an example of […] joints

A

non synovial

39
Q

hip and shoulder joints are an example of […] joints

A

triaxial

40
Q

metocarpophalangeal (saddle) joints are an example of […] joints

A

biaxial

41
Q

elbow joints are an example of […] joints

A

uniaxial

42
Q

roll and glide occur in [….] when a concave surface moves on a convex surface

A

same direction

43
Q

roll and glide occur in [….] when a convex surface moves on a concave surface

A

opposite directions

44
Q

what part of bone provides mechanical strength and resists torsion and bending?

A

cortical

45
Q

what part of bone performs metabolic activities and is highly vascular?

A

cancellous

46
Q

what is the optimal stimulus for bone regeneration?

A

loading along the axis of bone

47
Q

dissipates and disperses forces/load
minimizes friction

A

cartilage

48
Q

optimal stimulus for cartilage regeneration?

A

compression and decompression of joint surfaces

49
Q

what is the optimal stimulus for regeneration of tendons and ligaments?

A

tensile strength in the line of fiber orientation

50
Q

order of recruitment

A

smaller, more fatigue resistant units are used first, followed by larger more powerful units

51
Q

what type of fibers are more fatigue resistant?

A

type I

small, slow

52
Q

what types of fibers are highly fatiguable?

A

type II

large, fast

53
Q

exercises that have fixed resistance and variable speed are

A

isotonic

54
Q

isotonic exercise that lengthens contraction

A

eccentric

55
Q

isotonic exercise that shortens contraction

A

concentric

56
Q

with concentric contraction […] forces can be produced at […] speeds

A

greater
slower

**tension on muscle as it shortens (i.e. biceps curl)

57
Q

with eccentric contraction […] forces can be produced at [..] speeds

A

greater
faster

**muscle lengthens as force is applied (i.e. standing from squat)
***because muscle is lengthening, more cross bridging is occuring = greater force

58
Q

optimal length of the sarcomere is the point of […]

A

maximal cross bridge interaction

**gives you max tension

59
Q

if the sarcomere is less than optimal length, there is less

A

cross bridging =less tension

60
Q

if the sarcomere is greater than optimal length there is

A

no cross bridging = no tension

61
Q

describe early neurogenic adaptations to strength training

A

greater synchronicity
greater recruitment ability
greater discharge frequency

62
Q

what plane is the medial-lateral axis?

A

sagittal

63
Q

what movements occur in the sagittal axis?

A

flexion/extension

64
Q

what plane is the anterior-posterior axis?

A

frontal

65
Q

what plane is the vertical axis?

A

horizontal

66
Q

what movements occur in the frontal axis?

A

abduction, adduction
eversion, inversion
lateral flexion

67
Q

what movements occur in the horizontal axis?

A

internal/external rotation
axial rotation

68
Q

if someone is lacking knee extension and you want to improve knee extension, what maneuver may help?

A

anterior glide

69
Q
A

M&M Test 2 (18 decks)

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