B6-057 Kinesiology

Question 1

what kind of connective tissue makes up ligaments, tendons, and joint capsule?

Answer 1

dense fibrous connective

Question 2

what region of the stress-strain curve results in damage to the tissue?

Answer 2

plastic region

Question 3

what is the optimal stimulus for bone regeneration?

Answer 3

loading along the axis of the bone

**returning to weight bearing is crucial to recovery

Question 4

cartilage is avascular, how does is receive nutrition?

Answer 4

through compression and decompression of the joint surfaces

**necessary for regeneration

Question 5

what is optimal stimulus for tendon/ligament healing?

Answer 5

tensile strength in the line of fiber orientation

Question 6

fusiform muscles develop […]

Answer 6

velocity

**parallel fibers

Question 7

penniform muscles develop […]

Answer 7

force

Question 8

[…] units are recruited first to be used, followed by […]

Answer 8

smaller
larger

Question 9

shortening contraction

Answer 9

concentric

Question 10

lengthening contraction

Answer 10

eccentric

Question 11

with concentric contractions, greater force can be produced at […] speed

Answer 11

slower

Question 12

with eccentric contraction, greater force can be produced at […] speed

Answer 12

faster

**due to viscoelastic nature

Question 13

[…] of muscle is where optimal force production occurs

Answer 13

middle

Question 14

early on in strength training, strength improvement actually comes from

Answer 14

neural factors

**greater synchronicity, better recruitment

Question 15

roll and glide occur in […] directions for a convex surface moving on a concave surface

Answer 15

opposite

**ex. hip flexion causes roll forward and glide backward

Question 16

roll and glide occur in the […] directions for a concave surface moving on a convex surface

Answer 16

same

**ex. tibia rolls forward and glides forward to stay on joint

Question 17

study of properties of motion

Answer 17

kinematics

Question 18

examples of kinematics

Answer 18

displacement
velocity
acceleration

Question 19

study of forces that create motion

Answer 19

kinetics

**forces applied at an instant in time (work, impulse, linear force, etc)

Question 20

coplanar in opposite direction

Answer 20

shear force

Question 21

colinear in opposite direction

Answer 21

tensile force

Question 22

colinear, in similar directions to push together

Answer 22

compressive force

Question 23

is ground reaction forces an example of kinematics or kinetics?

Answer 23

kinetics

Question 24

what are ground reaction forces measuring?

Answer 24

impulse- force applied over time
center of pressure- point of application of the ground reaction force

Question 25

describe the time-dependent properties of visco-elastic materials

Answer 25

longer load=greater deformation

Question 26

describe the rate dependent properties of visco-elastic materials

Answer 26

better resists loads applied more quickly than those applied slowly

Question 27

segments of the stress-strain curve from least strain to greatest [4]

Answer 27

toe elastic plastic failure

Question 28

wolf's law

Answer 28

bone is laid down in areas of high stress and resorbed in areas of low stress

Question 29

energy dissipation due to internal friction

Answer 29

hysteresis

Question 30

greater deformation occurs with [....] periods of time of load application

Answer 30

longer

Question 31

viscoelastic tissues better resist loads applied more [quickly/slowly]

Answer 31

quickly

Question 32

longer muscle is able to generate maximal [...] at longer lengths

Answer 32

tension

Question 33

optimal muscle length for generating the greatest amount of tension

Answer 33

120% of resting length

Question 34

using an elastic band is a type of [...] exercise

Answer 34

isodynamic

Question 35

doing a push up is a type of [...] exercise

Answer 35

isotonic

Question 36

doing knee extensions at the same speed of contraction throughout is an example of [...] exercise

Answer 36

isokinetic

Question 37

holding plank without any joint movement is an example of [...] exercise

Answer 37

isometric

Question 38

skull suture joints are an example of [...] joints

Answer 38

non synovial

Question 39

hip and shoulder joints are an example of [...] joints

Answer 39

triaxial

Question 40

metocarpophalangeal (saddle) joints are an example of [...] joints

Answer 40

biaxial

Question 41

elbow joints are an example of [...] joints

Answer 41

uniaxial

Question 42

roll and glide occur in [....] when a concave surface moves on a convex surface

Answer 42

same direction

Question 43

roll and glide occur in [....] when a convex surface moves on a concave surface

Answer 43

opposite directions

Question 44

what part of bone provides mechanical strength and resists torsion and bending?

Answer 44

cortical

Question 45

what part of bone performs metabolic activities and is highly vascular?

Answer 45

cancellous

Question 46

what is the optimal stimulus for bone regeneration?

Answer 46

loading along the axis of bone

Question 47

dissipates and disperses forces/load minimizes friction

Answer 47

cartilage

Question 48

optimal stimulus for cartilage regeneration?

Answer 48

compression and decompression of joint surfaces

Question 49

what is the optimal stimulus for regeneration of tendons and ligaments?

Answer 49

tensile strength in the line of fiber orientation

Question 50

order of recruitment

Answer 50

smaller, more fatigue resistant units are used first, followed by larger more powerful units

Question 51

what type of fibers are more fatigue resistant?

Answer 51

type I small, slow

Question 52

what types of fibers are highly fatiguable?

Answer 52

type II large, fast

Question 53

exercises that have fixed resistance and variable speed are

Answer 53

isotonic

Question 54

isotonic exercise that lengthens contraction

Answer 54

eccentric

Question 55

isotonic exercise that shortens contraction

Answer 55

concentric

Question 56

with concentric contraction [...] forces can be produced at [...] speeds

Answer 56

greater slower **tension on muscle as it shortens (i.e. biceps curl)

Question 57

with eccentric contraction [...] forces can be produced at [..] speeds

Answer 57

greater faster **muscle lengthens as force is applied (i.e. standing from squat) ***because muscle is lengthening, more cross bridging is occuring = greater force

Question 58

optimal length of the sarcomere is the point of [...]

Answer 58

maximal cross bridge interaction **gives you max tension

Question 59

if the sarcomere is less than optimal length, there is less

Answer 59

cross bridging =less tension

Question 60

if the sarcomere is greater than optimal length there is

Answer 60

no cross bridging = no tension

Question 61

describe early neurogenic adaptations to strength training

Answer 61

greater synchronicity greater recruitment ability greater discharge frequency

Question 62

what plane is the medial-lateral axis?

Answer 62

sagittal

Question 63

what movements occur in the sagittal axis?

Answer 63

flexion/extension

Question 64

what plane is the anterior-posterior axis?

Answer 64

frontal

Question 65

what plane is the vertical axis?

Answer 65

horizontal

Question 66

what movements occur in the frontal axis?

Answer 66

abduction, adduction eversion, inversion lateral flexion

Question 67

what movements occur in the horizontal axis?

Answer 67

internal/external rotation axial rotation

Question 68

if someone is lacking knee extension and you want to improve knee extension, what maneuver may help?

Answer 68

anterior glide