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M&M Test 2 > B6-056 Muscle Contraction > Flashcards

B6-056 Muscle Contraction Flashcards

1
Q

smallest unit of contraction in the muscle

A

sarcomere

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2
Q

what two proteins make up the striated pattern of muscle?

A

actin (lighter)
myosin (darker)

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3
Q

[…] on either side of the sarcomere holds the actin protein in a structured form

A

z lines

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4
Q

what protein makes up the I band?

A

actin

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5
Q

what protein makes up the H band?

A

myosin

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6
Q

I band is connected to the

A

Z line

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7
Q

what protein makes up the A band?

A

actin and myosin

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8
Q

contains ATP and actin binding sites

A

myosin head

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9
Q

protein responsible for turning on muscle contraction

A

troponin

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10
Q

binds troponin to tropomyosin

A

Tn-T

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11
Q

binds calcium during contraction

A

Tn-C

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12
Q

inhibitory protein on tropomyosin when there is no Ca++

A

Tn-I

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13
Q

actin and myosin interacting to generate force is known as the

A

cross bridge

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14
Q

steps of the cross bridge cycle

A

1) ATP hydrolysis
2) Calcium binding troponin C
3) actin-myosin bind
4) working stroke occurs
5) sliding filament
5) new ATP comes in to release actin and myosin

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15
Q

you have to have […] to release the actin-myosin binding

A

new ATP

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16
Q

action potential is spread down […] to allow muscle fibers to move in concert

A

t tubules

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17
Q

action potential moving down the t tubules triggers […] release from inside muscle

A

Ca++

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18
Q

contraction will continue to occur as long as […] is present

A

calcium

**there is a system that reuptakes the calcium in order to keep intracellular calcium low

19
Q

what bands change in length as the sarcomere contracts?

A

H and I shorten

20
Q

[…] facilitates the release of actin from myosin

A

ATP

21
Q

what causes rigor mortis?

A

lack of ATP for release of actin from myosin

22
Q

maximal tension is generated when sarcomere length is

A

optimal

**if given a graph, optimal region is where plateau is seen

23
Q

force generation […] as sarcomere length […]

A

increases
decreases

24
Q

force generated by a muscle is a function of its […]

A

velocity

25
Q

the rate that cross bridges form between actin and myosin is referred to as

A

rate of constants

26
Q

force generated by a muscle depends on the number of […] attached

A

cross bridges

27
Q

because the rate of constant attachment doesn’t change, as filaments slide past each other faster, force […]

A

decreases

**less cross bridges attach

28
Q

as filament velocity decreases more cross bridges attach generating […]

A

greater force

29
Q

prolonged eccentric muscle contractions cause

A

disorganization of myofibrillar proteins around the Z disk

30
Q

CK levels demonstrated a delayed increase following […] contraction

A

eccentric

31
Q

proteins on the thin filament [3]

A

actin
troponin
tropomyosin

32
Q

anchoring proteins that help maintain the length of thick and thin filaments

A

titin (thick)
nebulin (thin)

33
Q

type 1 fibers have [more/less] mitochondria than type II

A

more

34
Q

what type of fibers primarily utilize aerobic respiration

A

type I

35
Q

what type of fibers have a slow contraction speed?

A

type I

36
Q

type I fibers generate [more/less] power than type II

A

less

37
Q

what type of fiber primarily uses anaerobic respiration?

A

type II

38
Q

what type of fiber fatigues more easily?

A

type II

39
Q

what type of fibers are fast?

A

type II

40
Q

what type of fibers are slow?

A

type I

41
Q

what type of fiber uses oxidative phosphorylation to produce a sustained contraction?

A

type I

42
Q

what type of training produces type I fibers?

A

endurance training

43
Q

what type of training produces type II fibers?

A

resistance training, sprinting

44
Q
A

M&M Test 2 (18 decks)

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