B6-028 Gluteal Region and Thigh Flashcards
1
Q
chief extensor of the thigh
A
gluteus maximus
2
Q
what part of the gluteus maximus can help extend the leg at the knee?
A
iliotibial tract
3
Q
inferior gluteal nerve innervates
A
gluteus maximus
4
Q
[…] nerve arises in the gluteal region from the spinal chord and descends down into the posterior thigh
A
sciatic
5
Q
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus are important for normal […]
A
gait
6
Q
responsible for thigh abduction and medial rotation [2]
A
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
7
Q
superior gluteal nerve innervates [3]
A
gluteus medius and minimus
tensor fascia lata
8
Q
-abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip
-can aid gluteus maximus in slight extension of knee
A
tensor fascia lata
9
Q
most superior lateral rotator of the hip
A
piriformis
10
Q
superior gluteal nerve and artery emerge superior to […]
A
piriformis
11
Q
the sciatic nerve emerges inferior to […]
A
piriformis
(so does inferior gluteal nerve)
12
Q
what three muscles form the triceps coxae
A
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
obturator internus
13
Q
lateral rotators of the femur [6]
A
piriformis
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
obturator internus
obturator externus
14
Q
most inferior lateral rotator of the hip
A
quadratus femoris
15
Q
vertically oriented group of gluteal muscles [5]
A
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae
gluteus maximus
piriformis
16
Q
horizontally oriented group of gluteal muscles [5]
A
quadratus femoris
obturator internus
obturator externus
gemelli pair
17
Q
the bulk of the anterior muscles of the thigh act as […]
A
extensors
18
Q
the leg extensors of the anterior thigh mostly insert onto the
A
tibial tuberosity
19
Q
muscles of the anterior thigh [4]
A
iliopsoas
pectineous
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
20
Q
chief flexor of the thigh
A
illiopsoas
21
Q
comes off T12-L5 and inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur
A
illiopsoas
22
Q
what two muscles make up illiopsoas?
A
illiacus
psoas major
23
Q
illiacus is innervated by
A
femoral nerve
24
Q
L1-L3 ventral rami innervates
A
psoas
25
longest muscle in body
sartorius
26
sartorius is innervated by
femoral nerve
27
quadriceps femoris is innervated by
femoral nerve
28
only muscle of the quad that acts on the hip and knee to extend the leg and flex the thigh
rectus femoris
29
the vasti of the quadriceps femoris works to [...] the leg
extend
30
superficial medial thigh muscle [4]
pectineus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracillis
31
deep medial thigh muscles [2]
obturator externus
adductor magnus
32
pectineus is innervated by
femoral nerve
33
adductor longus is innervated by
obturator nerve
34
primary function of the medial thigh muscles is
adduction
**some do a bit of flexion
35
only adductor to cross the knee joint
gracilis
36
gracilis is innervated by
obturator nerve
37
lies deep to pectineus and adductor longus
adductor brevis
38
adductor brevis is innervated by
obturator
39
largest adductor muscle
adductor magnus
40
2 parts of adductor magnus
adductor portion
hamstring portion
41
the hamstring part of the adductor magnus arises from
ischial tuberosity
42
the adductor part of the adductor magnus arises from
ischiopubic ramus
43
the hamstring part of the adductor magnus inserts at the
adductor tubercle
44
the adductor part of the adductor magnus inserts distally at
linea aspera
45
in general, the medial compartment of the thigh contains [...] and is innervated by [...]
adductors
obturator nerve
46
in general, the anterior compartment of the thigh contains [...] and is innervated by [...]
extensors
femoral nerve
47
in general, the posterior compartment of the thigh contains [...] and is innervated by [...]
flexors
sciatic nerve
48
most of the hamstrings are innervated by
tibial division of sciatic
**except short head of biceps femoris (fibular division)
49
in the general, the hamstrings act to [...] and the hip and [...] at the knee
extend at hip
flex at knee
**short head of biceps only flexes at knee
50
-long cordlike tendon that runs down the posterior thigh
-extends thigh at hip, medially rotates leg
semitendinosus
51
semitendinosus is innervated by
tibial division of sciatic
52
what muscles/nerves make up the pes anserinus
gracilis -obturator
semitendinosus- tibial division of sciatic
sartorius- femoral nerve
53
the pes anserinus is located on the medial aspect of the
tibia
54
semimembranosus sends off the [...], which reinforces the capsule of the knee
oblique popliteal ligament
55
hyperextension of the knee could damage [...]
oblique popliteal ligament
56
the long head of biceps femoris is innervated by
tibial division of sciatic nerve
57
the short head of biceps femoris is innervated by
fibular division of sciatic nerve
58
which head of the biceps femoris flexes the knee and extends the thigh?
long head
**short only flexes
59
both heads of biceps femoris insert distally at [...]
head of fibula
60
short head of the biceps femoris originates at [...]
linea aspera of femur
61
long head of biceps femoris originates at [...]
ischial tuberosity
62
the adductor part of adductor magnus inserts distally at [...]
adductor tubercle on medial epicondyle of femur
63
adductor magnus originates from [...]
ischial tuberosity
64
hamstring portion of adductor magnus is innervated by
tibial division of sciatic
65
hamstring that acts only at the hip to assist in extension
hamstring portion of adductor magnus
**does not cross knee= no flexion
66
adductor portion of adductor magnus is innervated by
obturator
67
posterior thigh muscles [5]
semimembranosus
semitendonosus
biceps femoris
popliteus
**not pictured: hamstring portion of adductor magnus
68
abductors of the hip [2]
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
69
adductors of the hip [3]
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
70
extensors of hip [4]
gluteus maximus
semitendonosus
semimembranosus
long head of biceps femoris
71
flexors of hip [5]
illiopsoas
rectus femoris
tensor fascia latae
pectineous
sartorius
72
internal rotators of hip [3]
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae
73
external rotators of hip [5]
illiopsoas
gluteus maximus
piriformis
obturator internus
obturator externus
74
provides sensory to medial thigh
obturator
75
provides sensory to anterior thigh, medial leg
femoral
76
provides sensory to anterior and lateral thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous
77
compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous causing tingling, numbness, burning pain in anterolateral thigh
meralgia paresthetica
78
decreased medial thigh sensation and weakened adduction may indicate a lesion in
obturator
79
common cause of injury to obturator nerve
pelvic surgery
80
weakened leg extension and patellar reflex could indicate a lesion in
femoral nerve
81
common causes of injury to femoral nerve
pelvic fracture
compression from retroperitoneal/psoas abscess
82
the sciatic nerve splits into [2]
common peroneal (fibular)
tibial nerve
83
common causes of injury to sciatic nerve
posterior hip dislocation
herniated disc
piriformis syndrome
84
pelvis tilts because weight bearing leg cannot maintain alignment of pelvis through hip abduction
Trendelenburg sign
85
positive trendelenburg sign indicates injury to
contralateral superior gluteal nerve
86
common cause of injury to inferior gluteal nerve
posterior hip dislocation
87
common cause of injury to superior gluteal nerve
iatrogenic injury caused by IM injection
88
difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seated position, and loss of hip extension may indicate injury to
inferior gluteal nerve
89
in trendelenburg gait, the lesion is contralateral to [...], ipsilateral to [...]
side of hip that drops
extremity on which the patient stands
90
overuse injury of the lateral knee that occurs primarily in runners
pain develops secondary to friction against lateral femoral epicondyle
illiotibial band syndrome
91
inflammation of prepatellar bursa caused by repeated trauma or pressure from excessive kneeling
prepatellar busitis
92
what artery runs through the femoral triangle?
femoral artery
93
what ligament forms the greater sciatic foramen?
sacrospinus
94
what ligament forms the lesser sciatic foramen?
sacrotuberous
95
provides cutaneous sensation to inferior 1/3 of posterior thigh
posterior cutaneous (S1-S3)
96
L4-S3
sciatic
97
superior gluteal nerve supplies motor innervation to [3]
gluteus maximus
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
98
inferior gluteal nerve supplies motor innervation to [1]
gluteus maximus
99
what nerve runs superior to piriformis
superior gluteal nerve
100
what nerves lie inferior to piriformis [6]
sciatic
pudendal
posterior cutaneous
inferior gluteal
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
101
the sciatic nerve divides into [...] and [...] about halfway down the thigh
tibial
fibular
102
does the sciatic nerve supply gluteal structures?
no
103
largest cutaneous nerve
posterior cutaneous
104
muscles that leave the pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and reenters the pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen
superior gemellus/obturator internus
105
anterior divisions of S2-S4
greater pudendal
106
exits the greater sciatic foramen and reenters the pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen to supply perineal structures
pudendal nerve
107
superior gluteal artery travels with
superior gluteal nerve
108
inferior gluteal artery travels with
inferior gluteal nerve
109
superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, and internal pudendal arteries arise from
internal illiac a
110
largest internal iliac artery branch
superior gluteal a.
111
provides a way to bypass femoral artery in thigh
cruciate anastomosis of thigh
112
what arteries make up the cruciate anastomosis of the thigh [4]
medial circumflex femoral
**lateral circumflex femoral**
first perforating artery
inferior gluteal artery
113
what vessel of the cruciate anastomosis is key to getting blood all the way down the leg?
descending branch of **lateral circumflex** (goes all the way to genacular anastomosis)
114
what muscles insert on the greater trochanter of the femur? [3]
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
piriformis
115
origin of gluteus minimus and gluteus medius?
iliac blade
116
what muscles keep the pelvis level and maintain a smooth gait?
gluteus medius and minimus
117
contraction of [...] and [...] on stance side keeps the greater trochanter in proximity to the iliac blade
gluteus medius and minimus
118
if there is gluteus medius/minimus dysfunction, the pelvis will tilt toward the [...] side
swing (contralateral)
119
[...] nerve supples gluteus medius and minimus
superior gluteal
**lesion here can cause pelvic tilt toward swing side
120
gluteal gait/Duchenne's limp and positive trendelenburg sign indicates an injury to what nerve?
superior gluteal nerve
121
lean toward effected side during stance phase of gait
positive trendelenburg
**indicates superior gluteal nerve injury
122
attaches into illiotibial band [2]
tensor facia lata
gluteus maximus
123
abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh
slight extension of knee
tensor fascia lata
124
runs from iliac tubercle to lateral tibial condyle
IT band
125
what structure can compensate for quadriceps paralysis?
IT band
126
pulls the patella laterally
acts as an antagonist to vastus medialis
IT band
127
what structure should be stretched to treat chondromalacia patella?
IT band
128
if the center of rotation of the femur is within the boundaries of the IT band, the band acts as an [...] when gluteus maximus contracts
extensor
129
if the center of rotation of the femur is anterior to the boundaries of the IT band, the band acts as an [...] when gluteus maximus contracts
flexor
130
lateral rotators of the hip [3]
triceps coxae
piriformis
quadratus femoris
131
medial rotators of hip [3]
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
132
[...] rotation at hip of planted limb advances opposite side of pelvis and free limb
medial rotation
133
[...] rotation at hip of advancing limb keeps foot parallel to line of advancement
lateral
134
bursa that lies under the IT band and up against the greater trochanter
trochanteric bursa
135
what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
femoral
136
muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh are generally leg [...]
extensors
137
what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?
obturator
138
what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?
sciatic
139
muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh are generally [...]
adductors of thigh
140
muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh are generally [...]
flexors at knee
141
meralgia parethetica compresses the [...] nerve
lateral femoral cutaneous
142
patients with meralgia paresthetica will have pain along the [...]
lateral thigh
143
where is the nerve compressed in meralgia paresthetica?
compression of lateral femoral cutaneous as it passes under inguinal ligament
144
what types of occupations are more commonly associated with meralgia paresthetica?
police, construction workers, military
**tool belt compresses
145
nerve roots to know:
femoral:
obturator:
sciatic:
tibial :
common fibular:
femoral: L2-L4
obturator: L2-L4
sciatic: L4-S3
tibial : L4-S3
common fibular: L4-S2
146
what nerves lie inferior to piriformis [3]
sciatic
posterior cutaneous
inferior gluteal
147
what artery supplies the posterior thigh?
deep femoral
148
what artery supplies the medial thigh?
obturator
149
absence of patellar reflex is [...] sign
Westphal's
150
testing the patellar reflex tests the function what nerve/nerve roots?
femoral, L2-L4
151
the calcaneal tendon reflex tests what nerve roots?
S1-S2
152
contents of femoral triangle
femoral N
femoral A
femoral V
femoral canal (Empty space)
Lymph node
NAVEL
153
does the femoral sheath contain the nerve?
no
154
contents of femoral sheath
femoral a
femoral v
femoral canal w/ lymph
155
weak area in anterior abdominal wall where a loop of intestine can protrude into femoral canal
femoral ring
156
muscles innervated by femoral nerve [4]
iliacus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
pectineus
157
cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve [3]
anterior cutaneous
lateral cutaneous
saphenous
158
terminal branch of the femoral nerve
saphenous
159
supplies sensory to anterior and medial knee/leg and medial foot
saphenous nerve
160
what nerves exit the medial side of the adductor canal?[2]
saphenous
saphenous branch of descending genicular
161
what muscles attach at the pes anserinus?
gracilis
semitendinosus
sartorius
**allows gracilis to be used for ACL graft
162
what nerve innervates gracilis?
obturator
163
what nerve innervates semitendinosus?
tibial division of sciatic
164
what nerve innervates sartorius?
femoral
165
artery that perforates through the thigh muscles to supply the posterior compartment
deep femoral
166
what vessel supplies the head of the femur?
deep femoral a. via the medial and lateral circumflex
167
what vessels are at risk in hip fx? [3]
deep femoral
medial and lateral circumflex
168
used for graft in CABG procedure
great saphenous vein
**can injure the saphenous nerve causing paresthesia
169
what can you do to slow a bleed from the femoral artery?
press down on the head of femur
170
cannulation of the [...] is used for radiographic visualization of the left heart and coronary vessels
femoral a.
171
what nerves lie inferior to piriformis [3]
sciatic
posterior cutaneous
inferior gluteal
172
the adductor muscle group receives blood supply from the [...] iliac artery
internal
**via obturator
173
the [...] iliac gives rise to the femoral a.
external
174
failure of the valves in the perforating veins of the legs causes
varicose veins
175
main extender of the hip used in running, jumping, climbing and standing from a sitting position
gluteus maximus
176
a positive trendelenburg sign is caused by
loss of contralateral gluteus medius/minimus activity
177
what muscle inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur
illiopsoas
178
primary muscle used to flex the thigh at the hip
illiopsoas
179
advances the trailing limb by producing flexion at the hip
illiopsoas
180
what muscle initiates the swing phase of gait?
illiopsoas
181
what 3 muscles insert on the pes aserinus, just distal to the medial tibial plateau?
sartorius
gracilis
semitendinosus
182
the IT band inserts on the [...] aspect of the tibia
lateral
